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The Alamance Gleaner 1 VqL LXIX GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JUNE 10, 1943 No. 1$ WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Super War Board Spurs National Effort; Russians Press New Caucasus Drive; Dual-Threat Allied Bomb War Blasts Nazi War Plants and Italian Ports (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions sro expressed In these columns, they sre those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and net necessarily el this newspaper.) . ? Released by Western Newspaper Union. ______ a l ; use 1 -zjx imiic jrlrirr:: :: ^ (hami ?nam | ^ province | I i,"1 '?'' JL '? ^ 'J' I ? ? I ?. ? I Dp the Yangtze river toward China's capital Chungking a powerful Jap offensive had moved. The area in black on the map above indicates (he forward extent of the Jap movement. Although Chinese troops suc ceeded in hlunting the drive at various points, the menace to China's Mure participation in the war still remained. EUROPE: Bombs Move Factories As Allied bombers continued to plummet destruction on Axis Euro pean industrial and transportation centers, evidence mounted that the Nazis were seeking to cushion the impact of these raids by moving their war industries to less vulner able spots in Hungary, Czechoslo vakia and Austria. The dispersal of German industry eastward was further indicated by the fact that Allied reconnaissance had disclosed no effort to repair or clear such key installations as the Focke-Wulf aircraft works in Brem en or the Renault plant near Paris wrecked by Allied bombs weeks ago. Grimly and steadily, however, the Allied airmen continued their mis sion of disaster as Axis city after city was checked off the schedule. Examples of this thorough job were Dusseldorf and Dortmund, coal and transportation centers of northwest ern Germany, where 4,000 tons of bombs were dropped on successive nights by the RAF. The munitions making city of Essen was likewise Masted again, while daring RAF Mosquito bomber pilots penetrated ts the central German city of Jena, home of the Zeiss factories making optical instruments for the Nazis. Meanwhile, invasion's prelude was paced by a series of port-wrecking raids by U. S. and British planes from French Africa on Italian ship ping cities. CHINA: Jap Drives Menace Chinese official observers had fre quently warned United Nations head quarters that a collapse of their re sistance against Japan was possible ?Mess Allied air and military aid was speeded up. The stark truth of these warnings became evident as a four-pronged Japanese drive along the Yangtze river had reached within only 275 miles of Generalissimo Chiang Kai shek's capital of Chungking. Doggedly the Chinese defenders had contested every mile of territory with the invaders, even winning lo cal successes in some areas, notably Ichang where Chiang's soldiers had Munted the enemy drive. But the threat of Nippon's might was still poised within striking dis tance of Chungking and the Allied high command still faced the prob lem of abating that threat. RUBBER: Strikers Go Back j Back to their jobs in Akron, Ohio, ] streamed 51,500 rubber workers fol- ! lowing a curt ultimatum from Presi- I dent Roosevelt that ended a five-day strike stopping essential wartime 1 rubber production. Terming the walkouts "inexcusa- 1 hie" and a "flagrant violation of the | no-strike pledge," the President had warned that "necessary steps < would be taken to protect the na- i lion's interests" unless the strikes t were terminated. The President act- s ed after the dispute was certified to 1 him by the War Labor board. i Earlier, national CIO officials had f urged the strikers to return to their 1 jobs. < MOBILIZATION: Super Board Formed President Roosevelt's appointment of James F. Byrnes as director of the newly formed Office of War Mobilization meant that now the home front would be marshalled be hind the war program on a scale hitherto undreamed of. Coming after the historic series of conferences between the President and Prime Minister Churchill of Brit ain the establishment of the Office of War Mobilization marked a sig nificant milestone. For now the re sponsibility for production, procure ment, transportation and distribu tion of military as well as civilian supplies, materials and products was vested in one man?James F. Byrnes and the committee working with him. That committee included Sec retary of War Stimson, Secretary of Navy Knox, Harry Hopkins and WPB Director Donald M. Nelson and Judge Fred M. Vinson who succeeded Byrnes as economic stabilization di rector. RUSSIA: Red Power Rises After the Nazis had tested the I Reds' mettle on four separate sec tors from Veliki Luki on the north to the Caucasus on the south, the Russians themselves provided the fireworks by hurling 150,000 infantry and tank men in a vast assault against the Axis Kuban lines m the Caucasus. . While early Russian accounts ol this movement were characteristi cally laconic, a Berlin radio dispatch conceded that the first Russian waves had thrust the German lines back more than a mile on the Kuban front protecting Novorossisk and added that Nazi defenses were tak ing a terrific battering everywhere along their last remaining Caucasus foothold. Berlin said the Reds em ployed 10 divisions, at least 170 tanks, 200 planes and strong artillery forces. , , ? Whether this Russian move herald ed the long-awaited summer battle was still a matter of conjecture among observers. UNITY: French Leaders Agree Unification of French leadership with all conflicting forces submerged in the grand task of liberating the empire was a dream that had had many nightmare interruptions. But with a spirit of give and take evi dent among the Giraud and De jaulle forces themselves and with persistent urging from the United States and Britain, the dream had become a reality. Gen. Charles DeGaulle, Fighting French leader, hailed the new era n a radio broadcast on the eve of lis historic trip from London to Al giers to meet General Giraud. "Union of the empire will be ac lomplished," he said. "When it is ?ealized how this is done in the face rf difficulties . . . then one's re- I soect for France and one s faith in ,er destiny will become even great ,r . We have paid heavily enough 'or' our absurd division to be con vinced we shall emerge from the ibyss only by uniting." I CASUALTIES: U. S. Losses Light Balancing Axis versus American casualties in the Tunisian campaign, Secretary of War Stimson found the scales overwhelmingly in favor of the United States.' The North Afri can victory cost the United States 18,558 casualties, including 2,184 killed, 8,437 wounded and 6,937 miss ing or taken prisoner. Axis casualties amounted to 323, 000, or 18 times the American total. German and Italian losses included 30,000 men killed and 26,400 wound ed, with another 266,000 taken pris oner. In comparison, over-all Al lied losses were less than 70,000. In addition to prisoners, the Allies captured tremendous quantities of military supplies, including large numbers of aircraft and many naval vessels, he said. Despite small American losses Stimson said the Tunisia campaign had developed nothing to cause the high command to reduce its manpower estimates under which the army is expected to total 8,200,000 men. ALEUTIANS: Cleanup on Attu Even as a senatorial committee was digesting a report that Japan would send a naval and land inva sion force against continental United States this summer, American forces in the Aleutians were pursuing a relentless cleanup of enemy detach ments on Attu island. Purveyor of the tidings of Jap of fensive intentions was Kilsoo K. Haan, Washington representative of the Korean National Front federa tion, who had established a record for prophecy by warning two months in advance of Jap plans to attack Pearl Harbor. Burden of Haan's re port was that Admiral Tojo had dis closed plans for this offensive at a party in Tokyo at which .Korean spies had been present. In the Attu engagements, bayonets and hand grenades in the hands of American infantrymen had taken the place of trench mortars and auto matic rifles, as the few resisting enemy were pressed into a narrow area from which escape was imposr sible. WHITE HOUSE: African Precedent The late Booker T. Washington had been a dinner guest of Presi dent Theodore Roosevelt in 1901, but Edwin T. Barclay, president of Liberia, was the first member of the Negro race to spend the night in the White House as the nation's guest. Head of the Negro republic of Liberia founded by repatriated Af rican freemen after the Civil war, Barclay was repaying President Roosevelt's visit to him after the Casablanca conference last January. Including his meeting with high gov ernment officials and members of the cabinet, as well as his address before the house and senate, Presi dent Barclay received the full hon ors accorded all top-ranking foreign dignitaries. RAIL WAGES: Nonoperators Upped Wage increases of eight cents an hour recommended by an emergen cy fact-finding board of the National Railway Labor board panel for more than 900,000 nonoperating employees will increase the rail industry's an nual wage bill by approximately $204,000,000, authoritative transpor tation sources estimated. The IS nonoperating unions had asked an increase of 20 cents an hour, with a minimum wage of 70 cents an hour and the union shop. The board declined to recommend these proposals. Subject only to ap proval by Stabilization Director James F. Byrnes, the board's rec ommendations were retroactive to February 1. The wage increases, a report of the board said, are "the minimum I noninflationary adjustments neces sary to correct gross inequities and to aid in the effective prosecution of the war." 'NEW DIKES': To Stem Inflation From the obscurity in which his retirement had shrouded him, Leon Henderson, former OPA director, emerged to wam the nation that "another set of dikes" is needed to dam what he called the rising tide of threatened inflation in the United States. "New dikes, new types of controls, new kinds of exercise of power over production and distribution and over credit are bound to be needed," he said in a speech before the National Association of Purchasing Agents' convention. Henderson declared that if congres sional, private or executive action "are insufficient to dam the flood of hot spending power," a credit con trol agency "is plainly indicated and cannot long be avoided." x No End to Wonders! Dehydration Packs Tasteful Dinner Into Vest Pocket; Field Crops Are Source of Plastics Drying Removes Water and Air From Produce While Retaining Nutritional Values; Milk Now Turned Into Kitchen Curtains; Cull Potatoes Into Fuel Alcohol. American agriculture will emerge from the war with a new pattern of crop production that will not only give us everything we eat and wear, but provide much of the raw materials used in industry. During World War I, the emphasis was on the production of cereal crops. Today, although cereals are essentially necessary, heavier emphasis is being placed on dairy products, meats, vege tables, eggs and oils. If the present trend continues, American milk goals in the reconstruction period will be double our present out put of 122 billion pounds a year. The nation's farms will be perma nently producing more meat and eggs, more vegetables and more oil-yielding crops such as soybeans. Two developments are credited with adding impetus to the new farm production trend. Both have been spurred by scientific re search and the necessity of meeting wartime problems. One is dehydration, or the dry preservation of food. The other is che murgy, or the science of transforming farm crops into industrial products. Dehydration Is not new. In tact, it is as ancient as the sun that has been drying the water out of things for ages. But to the old dehydra tion processes have been added new techniques that have so revolution ized its future possibilities, that some economists predict that food dehydration plants may become as common in agricultural areas as canneries and condenseries are to day. An idle dream, you say? Not so idle, perhaps, when it is consid ered that there are more than 200 dehydration plants in the United States today, compared with only five in 1940. J. B. Wyckoff, of the Agricultural Marketing administration recently estimated that the United States will dehydrate vegetables at the rate of 350 to 400 million pounds in 1943 as compared with 100 million pounds in 1942. Yet last year's totals were seven times the 1940 volume. "To meet the 1943-44 dehydrated food requirements as presently known," he added, "will require ev ery third egg, and one out of every 12 pounds of whole milk produced. Requirements for dehydrated meat, practically non-existent a year ago, will be approximately 60 million pounds in 1943." Dehydration Saves Shipping. The remarkable impetus given de hydration grew out of a shortage of shipping space, cans and containers, to meet lend-lease demands and the food requirements of our fighting Allies. One ship loaded with de hydrated food Can carry upward of 10 times as much food as a ship loaded with bulk food. Improvements in dehydration technique have followed two major trends. One has been to compress the food into an incredibly small space. The other has been to pre serve the food's palatability and nu tritional value. Many foods normally average 90 per cent water. Dehydration as originally practiced meant remov ing most of the water. Now the food is not only dehydrated but "de bulked" as well, by having the air pressed out of it. The result is food compressed into blocks or bri quettes. Thus it is possible to have a vest-pocket serving of meat, car rots, cabbage, milk find eggs that would provide all the elements of a hearty meal and yet take up no more shipping room than a package of cigarettes. Typical food volume reductions as a result of dehydration and com pression are: sauer kraut, 90 per cent; cabbage, 80 per cent; pota toes, 75 per cent; onion, beets and carrots, 65 per cent; egg powder, 50 per cent; hamburger, 50 per cent; dehydrated soups, 50 per cent. One pound of potato bricks yields 24 helpings. A five-gallon container of dried tomatoes swells to a quarter of a ton when water is added. Dehydrated Foods Flavorful. As contrasted with their crude predecessors of World War I, to day's dehydrated foods are flavor ful. Dunked and cooked in water, these foods emerge with almost no sacrifice of flavor and with practi cally no loss of proteins, carbohy drates, and minerals. They suffer no greater loss of vitamins than when occurs when fresh vegetables stand for a time in a store. Hence it is no surprise that Amer ican soldiers can relish scrambled eggs made from a dehydrated pow der. Or that Englishmen eat and like meat loaves and stews that crossed the Atlantic as tiny shreds of dried meat. Thus milk, butter, citrus juices, as well as potatoes, peas, spinach and a host of other food products are being successfully dehydrated. The extent to which dehydration has already caught hold with the ci vilian population here in America is indicated by the fact that house wives are buying dehydrated soups at the rate of 100 million packages a year. If dehydration offers challenging possibilities for future farm markets, then chemurgy, its industrial coun terpart, offers even more interesting opportunities as a contributor to fu ture farm prosperity. Already the products of 40 million acres of American farm land are go ing into our industrial plants. And this is but the beginning. Already chemical engineers have come to think of all America as an indus trial farm and of farm products as the raw materials for factories. , Perhaps the classic example of chemurgy's effort to turn farm crops into vitally needed industrial products lies in the field of syn thetic rubber. It took the world a century to raise the production of crude rubber to a billion tons a year. The United States now ex pects to develop a like capacity for synthetic rubber?much of it is made from corn and other farm products ?within the next year and a half. The chemurgic scientist busy among his test tubes performs such miracles as turning milk into kitch en curtains; corn into a tinfoil sub stitute; sunflowers into paper; sor ghum into insulating board; barley and sweet potatoes into ethyl alco hol. Furfural made from oat hulls is now being used in oil refining and in the processing of wood resin. Anti-freeze fluids and fuel alcohol come from cull potatoes. Glycerol from animal fats is being used in the production of dynamite for war purposes. Then there is Zein, a protein product of corn starch which lends itself to the manufac ture of yarn, buttons, wall-paper coating and quick-drying mi Soybean Source of Plastics. In the field of plastics, gluten, a residue of corn, is being effectively used, as is casein, a by-product of milk. But perhaps the biggest con tribution to plastics is being made by soybeans. Thanks to soybeans, the automobile of the future may be grown from the soil. Already, gear shift handles, steering wheels, win dow frames, distributors and a con siderable variety, of other parts are made of soybeans. The basic mold ing material for numerous plastics is a soybean compound. Thus radio cabinets and plumbing fixtures in postwar America may be merely a mold of soybean cakes. Yes, farms can be made the source of our future prosperity. Sci entists and industrialists can get farm materials from which to make new commodities and promote in creased factory production from which prosperity springs. In this era of definitely new agri cultural development, one factor will loom big in determining success or failure. That factor is productivity of the soiL For the extent to which our farms can continue to yield crops for the new dehydration indus try, for chemurgic utilization into in dustrial products or to help feed the world in the critical postwar pe riod, will depend on the fertility of the soil that produces those crops. Vincent Sauchelli, agricultural re search expert of Baltimore, lfd., in an address before a Farm Chem urgic conference once said: "Cfcem urgy can succeed only on farm land where plant foods are returned to the soil in the form of commercial fertilizer at a rate which at least balances the amount removed each year by growing crops and live stock. "One of the significant steps for ward," he added, "is that which helps the farmer learn more about his particular soil and its plant food needs. State agricultural experi ment stations are prepared to as sist farmers not only in soil tests to determine the proper fertilizer analyses for various crops, but also inform them on the placement to insure best results." The importance of Mr. Sauchelli's observations is evident when it is considered that after the war Amer ica will be faced with the greatest soil rehabilitation job in its history. This is because vast wartime farm production demands are draining fer tility resources on an unprecedented scale and because fertilizer appli cations at present cannot balance the depletion rate. "Growing crops to win the war is, of course, the farmers' No. 1 job," said a statement of the Middle West Soil Improvement Committee. "A heavy draft on the farmer's 'sav ings account' of plant food elements is a relatively small contribution to victory, if proper steps are made to repay the borrowed soil wealth when the war Is over." The scientist teams op with the farmer in ushering in new era of agricultural production. Cora from the told Is maaafaetared into a sobstltute for ttafoil, a quick-drying printinf Ink or a wallpaper eootlnf under tka traaafarminf ma^ie of Cheater(7. Or thanks to the new sclcoee of Dehydration It is compressed to only a fraction of Its wclfht and skiff'* overseas to food oar armed forces. Who's News This Week By Delos Wheeler LoreUce Consolidated Features.?WNU Balaaaa. MEW YORK.?Some dejr a hard pressed U-boat commander may surface to find a dozen airplanes riding herd on his craft in mid Looks OS II This <*??>?If Its Backer of Blimps' dition, a Moment Is Nigh ^ ~ ing aloft until her birds do their job and come back to roost, all the blame will be Rear Admiral Charles E. Rosendahl's. Rosendahl, a captain but up for promotion, has been ordered beck to his favorite post, the Naval Air Station at Lakehurst, N. J., after a tour of sea duty. All through this war he has been asking tor blimp plane-carriers. Siaee the wreck et the Tir-|| dsah tierHihl has been ac cepted as ik at the best In formed men en Ughter-than-sir craft. When that Mg dhigfhls brake is two he drifted away In tha hew sertien, as aistsss, no radder, as anything. He and a few helpers free-halleened the fragment nntfl he csald hud her. Rosendahl is a Chicago-barn citizen of Texas who finished in '14, served eight years an surface craft and then volunteered for a tsar at Lakehurst, then as now die navy's chief station tor experiments with dirigibles. Be helped develop the stationary and mobile stub masts, be wusked out mooring problems ,and grocmd handling and be never stopped preaching the virtue at the big gas bags. For a long time, catastrophes, such ss the loss of the Los Angeles, the burning at the Hrrsleiiiaug and the Shenandoah accident kept him bom getting far. But now cutigiesa has ordered 300 blimps toe anti-U-boat work. YEARS ago the Kansas City haw ' ball team was in a slump awd bad no bat boy to boot. remembered a smart kid "?a-?g Bat Boy to Baker Modwiches . ?? - xn tht re in 13 Step*; Note freshmeit Deputy Food Chief team sprayed hits all ewer, wen hands down and the kid pot a all aitj job, though he had to (grit finally because he needed mora money. New the War Feed - - ? trattaa. jedged by saaaa la ba slumping sad certainly tacfcteg bers the saaaa kid. a aadd cM aea these days, aad K. Lea Marshall is drafted agate. Steee the aid Kansas City days. Mar than has held a baker's daaaw at jobs aad ia his last was, actaaBy ^?iMW -te ga with hTbd Be eras born on a Missouri farm 58 years ago. When ba was only 20 years old he owned his own food brokerage company. Later ba man aged a bakery, and after a merger was called east to become, eventu ally, head of Continental. Be is a big man, and a aoaa flat tened at the tip lends an accent ot good nature to his round aggressive face. On his family tree is a laitalila ancestor. Jobs Marshall, flrst chief justice of the Supreme court. IN THIS year at grace the Bellamy 1 blueprint for Utopia is like Bit ter's uglier new world, behind sched ule. After "T poking Backward" 7S, He Head* Big *? . * first wide Protect far Lam eyed readers Tkaaft Per Year lflflfl, figured that 60 years would be plenty for hie happy revolution. Fifty-flve have rolled along and we havent even those superheterodyne houses, state owned and suited to the tenant's "taste and convenience wholly." Closest to them, maybe, are tee different bat premiateg proj ects of tee private eataipifoa Bellamy saabbed. Consider tea which tee MetropoHtaa Life In taraaee company aad Chatrnaan Frederick I. Eeker, mean ta ra- i rive a blighted East side area ?a tee still tar flam Utopias Is land ad Manhattaa. This will ba a major unit te a nation-wide apartment community program that Chairman Eckar is di recting at the age ad 75. And he ia working for nothing. Be is working for only a little less than he got when he Joined Metro politan <0 years ago. He was a $4 a week office boy teen. At II he had charge at all the oompdny't rnal I Ainlo diimima ntlnm n ??.?J S- n ? | emit transactions ma iMtr vu the treasurer end Anally, preehteat. - . * ? ? ? . -1 . ? .
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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June 10, 1943, edition 1
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