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OREEXSIiOBOGII,N.C. WEpkESDAY,JU3iK 15, 1830.
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SELECT.
HUSBANDRY
L DUX CORK,
Made without tillage aft'.Y planting.
To the Editor of the Farmer's Register.
By experiments, I have arrived at some
conclusions in regard to the culture of f n
uiau cortf, which I think are of impor
tance; to planters in the Southern States.
I communicate them for the use of the
public with great hesitation, because they
are directly at variance with the received
opinions on the subject
The early part ol my lite was spent in advisable to extend the operation, the
while, by the old mode, every hour's
work is an injury to the land, by this mode
every hour's work is making the land bet
ter ; for few things can be better manure
than the coating of leaves put on in the
bummer, when ploughed in the winter
or spring following.
I used leaves raked up in the forest,
because of these there is an ample supply
Withai the reach of almost every person ;
and because there seem?, from my obser
vation, to be a strong antipathy between
dead and decaying forestleaves, and crab
grass, that most barrassmg foe of agricul
turists. I make this communication, as I have
already Raid, with hesitation, because the
idea of -raising corn without ploughing
and hoeing, and at the same time impro
ving the land, protecting it against the in
fluence of a scorching sun and washinu
rains, i so directly in the teeth of the
universal practice for ages. The thing is,
however, at least, worthy of further trial.
It may lead to most important results.
Those who think the plan worth any at
tention, may easily make an experiment
with an acre or two, and note carefully
its progress through the summer. If they
are satisfied, aker the tnah, that there is
any thing in it, to. extend the operation
will hot be a difficult huiter.
If, on experiment, it should be found
TROM THE SATUKDAY COURIER.
' TEXAS. .
This interesting country at the present
moment' attracts so much attention, and
so many inquiries, that we are assured we
shall render an acceptable service to the
public in presenting the following inform
ation derived from a source of accurate
personal knowledge.
Under the Spanish dominion, Texas
was a separate prov ince occupied by three
military posts, Jj Bahai, St. Antonio.de
Bexar and Nacogdoches; and sejtle
menta of Mexicans were around each
which grew into a considerable town
at Bexar of about 3000, and at Nacog
doches and Li Bahai mt 'villages of a
bout 500 and 300 inhabitants! This num
ber has not increased, and forms at pres
ent nearly the amount of the Mexican and
Sjani.'h population in Texas; an addition
of 1,000 would include the whole.
The country at large in all its beauty
thousand acres, producing a luxuriant her- shores were full forty miles apart, and no
bageatall seasons, but have a large pro- ice was in sight large enough for him to
portion of woodland without undergrowth have rested on. The best time for at
affording fine pasturage and presenting the tacking him is wheu he is in the water:
aspect of fine lawns and parkes, prepar- 0,1 or he has 80 manr advantages
ed . with the taste and labor of high cukir ,hut Uie ggnor is always in. danger,
tion. F.vcn in the water he has frequently pro- .
On some of the rivers, tho Brassoa for Ved a formidable antagonist has boarded
instance, are dense forests, but they are ai,d takcn Pos3C33io11 of a 8013,1 bolf.or- v- 'i
never found on the highlands. cino ,ne occupants to seek safety by leap-
The mildness of theciimate is such that inS overboard. Instances are related in '
no provision is made for horses, cattle, which this animal ha climbed up the
strck nor for any hogs on a farm: nature V !,de3 of 8tna 1 7e9el8' and bc,n Wlh dlf' '
ample store is sufficient thro 'out the year "culty repelled from the deck. Gener--and
at all seasons they fatten on the na- lhLe P0,ar b rttreats from man i-;
tural pastures of course they multiply bjlt when Pu"ued and attackedJhe a1'
rapidly; and Texas may be called the par- 3 ""V a&reii' and tUrn9f "
J,w..r..: i, ..fa.: !..:..llJJ funoujly on his enemy When struck at
tuioo km i ii i itflrt is til nif ii urir ir nriif r
With a lance, he is very apt to iieze and
bite the staff in two, or wrest it from the
mot scorning the aid of cu tivation. From ... .... ".: iur. ji.i,,t'-
iK., r.,i, - i . r-rt without taking effect in the head or heart,
the Uulph to an average distance of70. . . 6 . . . Un
-i . ,, i r lL his rage u increased and he seeks re-
That splendid plant, the Indian corn,
grows throughout in perfect majesty, al
It has beeo
rr,;fQ m 1.. 1. ,1 f k M'S rbt'
Z ' i 1:., 1 J" i-.; venOT with augmented fury.
V ?i """.H"'"." remarked that, when wounded and able
fude 30 degrees the furface becomes un- , 1,-1.:, ' l t; I
and fertility was left unoccupied except j.thilating, and wheat, ryft. and oats can be lfje g8 ri we & cold would
A great majority of the fatal accidents
I ... . - - - .r f0 lowina em-'asements with the noiar
AniMclliceiitlra-lyeiris largely w.ttia staple un.tonnly . h - ?- . (rnm itnnrii,Jv .-
agricultural pursuits and hence, if there
were no other reason, 1 leel a deep inter
est injvery thing relating to agriculture.
I noticed, very early, the great difficulty
in transplanting successfully the young
coruplauis. Whence comes this, but from 1
breaking the roots in taking the plants
up? . How it it then, that intelligent far
mers affirm the doctrine that one chief
object in ploughing corn, is to cut its
roots? If. breaking the roots of young
corn in transplanting it, is really fatal to
its future growth, must not breaking its
roots with the plough, when it is older
aod the season hotter, be a serious injury
10 it ? Any other conclusion seems to
me to be at variance with the general
economy of nature. It seems to me there
can be, in truth, but two reasons for
ploughing or hoeing corn 1st, to destroy
grass and weeds ; and 2nd, to keep the
. wiLJoose, that the roots may penetratp
easily, in search of their proper food.
But in accomplishing these two purposes,
great injury must be done to the corn, by
breaking its roots. Can we not accom
plish both these ends, and at the aame
time keep clear of the attendant mischief ?
I think we can.
Last spring, I planted a small piece of
poor ground tirst breaking it up well.
The rows were made three feet apart,
end the stalks left about a foot apart in
the drill. The ground had been very
foul last year with crab grasK, whose
seeds matured. The corn was not well
ut this spring before the grass began to
appear. When the corn hid about four
or five blades, the young grass complete
ly covered the ground, and the corn was
turning yellow. 1 spread a small quanti
ty ol stable manure around the corn, and
covered ihe whole ground threa or lour
.,ltt(Jhes Ueep ,mlh Uhvcs troo vhe loes-lH
-uking csre to 4o this when- 1 tie ground
was v.et,- and the leaves aUo, that they
ri.mht not -be bio vn a way, and leave the
top-, of 'tie young coin uncovered. In
fwi days there was not a particle ot living
t;rHbg to be found, and the corn had put
""'On that deep blui-h green which always
betoktus a healthlul condition of the
pLnt.
From the day the corn was planted
until alur the fo'dde'r way pulkd and the
tijs cut, nothirg nioie was done with 11,
aiid the result is a product ot fvrti ttco
iJM.tl? q the acre atout one third of
t!it bialks
htrn.-
1 tic ltd in the course of the summer,
'It U.llovMlig laCls :
l?t. The torn tieattd thus, was al
ahead of some planted alongside ot
'i.ai.d ircatt'-d in l he usual wav.
-V It npt ntvj at least ten days sooner
'Liu othvr corn, plained at the eanie time.
3J. During the hottest :md cryttt
ii? the blade never tvvuted up, as d4d
''litr corn in the neighborhood.
4th. In Hit- dry t. t wealfu r on remo
'ifj; the leaves the ground was lound to
moist to the su rlace, and looe, a deep
it had been at brst broken-op.
3lh. The heaviest rams tiad scarcely
herd, replied, one million. meanin" lit
proper way would be, I think, to collect ; erally wh it he sard, but it may be ro
the leaves in wintcr,and deposite them in
heaps on the ground on which they are
to be used, and the next spring during a
wet 6eason, after the corn is up, spread
(hem, taking care to leave the tops of the
young corn uncovered.
There is one very important result that
must follow the success bf this plan on a
lare scale and it was with au eye chief
ly to the result, that my experiment was
undertaken The constant excuse for
not improving our land, is that where cot
ton is grown, the time necessary tirst to
cultivate the growing crop properly
next to gather it and then to prepare for
a new crop, leaves no time to collect ma-
nuic. My plan will put an end to that
exc.i-e at once ; for wherever leaves are
to be. had, half the time usually bestowed
on working the corn crop in the usual
way, spent in gathering leaves and pat
ting them on the ground, instead of
ploughing it, viuj in short time accom
plish every thing that can be desired in
tho way of manuring.
Why may not the same process an
swer in the cultivation of cotton ? Ii
it keeps the ground soft and moist, and
prevents the growth of grass and weeds
in a corn crop, it will surely have the
same effect with cotton and be the
means, further, of preserving the cotton,
when the bolls open, horn all the injury
it sustains from tho soil in wet seasons.
This is, however, but speculation. Let
it be tested by actual experiment.
JAMFS CAMACK.
Athens, da. Oct. 10 1836.
by the wild horse, (he deer and the btif- i ''"d and one degree turther north pro- check (he flow of bQoJ
fa o: and a ot which, amidst uxuraiit na- uuck aDunaant i.arvesis. motion is cuiuv-
manl nmrt.rpa. havp mnliinli. d to an ime- , ted from the Gulf to the Red River and
... ..... J...V
tnt almost incredible. An intelligent tra
. . . . . - . 1 r..i..i. :.. 1 . . 1- 1 "a
der among tt,e Indians in trie interior re-;". - "- 7" tackin-the animal on the ice. ScMesby,
gions of that country, upon being atkcd ; menew 01 siapie, approatnesine 00a 1, ja hjg HlereHllhg narrative of a age 'to
how many butlalo he had seen in one ; land -Cotton. 1 ' Greenland, relates an instance ot this
POLITICAL CQXTRbl'ERSY, It k,ljd- A ltiVt 'e when one of
is very common to near men 6peak ll,t-Ad" 0 OUU11 w,,d,c,a was t,U3C,7 u
A:
"tricted to a declaration that they
not be counted
numerous a
roves the country in greguious masses with
all the pride & majesty of his Arabian an
cestors. The progress of population has
not diminished the numbers ofeither but
only limited their range.
Texas wa but httl known to our
countrymen until seen by the gallant bands
who entered in aid of the patriotic cause,
at different.periods of the Mexican strug
gle for independence.
rhey saw a country equal to r ranee
in extent, intersected with numerous riv
ers running hundreds of miles in the inte
ttrior, producing in its various climate
and soil all the commercial staples of the
whole American continent.
They brought home this knowledge
and gave an account of its beauty fertility
and salubrity, a-nd many were tempted
to seek an abode there in spite of the pro
hibiiion of the then existing laws. Fore-
i
i -T-.H- 1,
COUiU i r . I. l a,a l t""i c'f nmiinir Jhi irr nf thA a.-nfh lvaof ' t
I ill llfl IIN'UI i'lllll i'hl '.J U 'J ITTPUI WI1 1 1 1 I tJNiv l llvn s w . vaau WW u M -alai W 1
,ted The deer are still more . bci condct(id lhey afe far from on the coast of Labrador bear that had
nd that noble animal, the horse, ( 0n (he cou( by tliciting avest, been tor some time seen near ths ship, at -
nation, by presenting justice -BndtnilhiBHegth--bcaine-flO-'-old'-a$ to approach a-
ftirer light, and e'iviu to the people jus longside, probably templed byrtb offal of .
ter views of Government, they exert a the provision thcQWu; overboard by. tho J
h iealthful influence on the Slate. The .-'cook.1 At this time the people were all at
great Legislator of At hew. made it a cap. dinner, ni .pjupieqijired tpiceep .
the deck in ther then immoveable rondi. .
urn uuckviC aiy viu&rn iu iciiihim iau- . i
tral wheBTJarties ran high in the Repuh- tion of the ship.terdyrfellciho4 ,
lie. Reasonable controversy is always hrst.lookeoVouj, and perceiving the bear J
useful, we feel a more perfect security in near.: imprudently jumped upon the '
the wise administration of wfTurs, when ace, awned onlywith ajiandspike, with v if
respectable Mnrity'stands by, with Argua a Vew, it is supposed, of gaining all the ,1
eyes, to detect the ilightest error or to ex-.1011 xPl0 of ecarmg so, fierce , fl
pose the least defect; ICaUigi Uteithr. -vmwivj wiuwiu u uicyoear "c-t ,
".m " , 1 " pardles of such , weapons,-nd sharpened ' M
niamoMut-Dittmmdihe champ - probably tjr-fciioger-tfSa-rTiw antag, ft
ion hero in politics, Jv Q: Adams, seem onnt. andwt2mg;himy.tbe';bjck,ith k 1
tobCrithernp S. WJi'? P.0.! h
A Good Soi, according to Bergman,
contains four parts of clay, three of sand,
two of calcareous earth, and one of mas-
ne'ftfirrand ''X1" vegetable,
matter, In 400graini of good soil, Flou
roy found 52 of water sand 240, vege
table fibre 5, vegetable extract 3, clay 46,
magnesia 2, oxide of iron 14, calcareous
earth 30 ; lo3s 6. Loudon, p. 200. The
ability, in the farmer, to analyse his soils,
would not only serve to discover their de-
fe.cts, but would enable bim often 'to cor
reel them, at little cost
them, with more certainty
which they ate most suitably adapted
Timber. The best umber is that which
: - j v. . r : .. j if
each of I seasout uuiuit: ii ia euiuo.Tii. 11 a
tree be narked ttie year oeiore it is cut
down, the sap is expelled, and the albur
nuui is converted into wood iu the course
of the year. Enc. of Gard. p. 17-1.
Compari.ov ok orxED. 4 French
sciein.tk journal states that the ordinary
rate is, per seci'nd:
Of a man walking, 4 ft.
Of m gaud lior-e ru harness, 12
O. a ri-indeer hi a sledge, on the ice, 26
Ot an Fetish race borsc,
Ot a hare, '
Oi a good railing ship,
Ol ihe wind,
Ot. sound, ,
O-l -a 24 pounder- eannon 4iaU,
f 7 ttfct in wosbiue aw?v the soil or
tLdLi.o it " ( thr ir which so divided
1 It Certainlv will rcouire less labor to psace,
?rauce corn in this way than in the ti-w - &ti- .
il.mode. And even if it required morO He that by the plough would thrive,
5 haVe the ' con's ola"tio.n to know, that J JVIust himeclf cither hold or driye.
most in this enterprise was M"!ses Austin
who about twelve years since, obtained
from the commandant at Bexar permission
to introduce se'tlers and repaired to the
United States to procure them but dying
on the rouh-, left his son Col. Stephen F.
Austin, the fulfilment ot his undertaking.
On this gentleman's arrival at Bexar he
ound the commandent indisposed to com
ply with his engagements, and the revo
lution being accomplished, and a new or
der ot things established, he determined to
precced to ihe city of Mexico, and there
renew the proposal of introducing settlers
into Texas. The result was the passage
of a general colonization law, authorizing
particular districts of country to be assign
ed to contractois who would Undertake to
popalateth
tne loupoation ot a system, wnicn was
more liberat ahd extended by that of the
state ot Goahmla wd Texas, under which
were made the. giants which have been
made the subjects of so much enterprise.
Austin was the first to begin colonizing,
and laid the foundation of the extensive
settlements now existing in Texas. But
t, and to apply to others soon followed, and Zavala, Burnet
ainty, the crops to j aj,d Vehlein were equally successful' in
lutn appiie.uiuiis lor lauus. j uey seieoi
ed the district of country immediately on
the boundary line of ihe United Slates,
lying between the Sabine to the east, and
the St. Jacinto and Novoste to the westt
and the Gulf of Mexico on the south, run
ning north about 300 miles.
Austin's settlement is contiguous, and
lies on the western line of Vhlein and
Burnet, and embraces the rivers Brassos
and Colorado. Grants have been made
to others in different sections of the coun
try, more remote from our borders, and
all of good land. But the settlements from
theSibine to the Colorado being contin
ued and nearer to. us, and can be discribed
i with more certainty.
it xas in general is a praine country,
having alt the streams skirted with timber
This is morearticularly hi9 character af
ter passing the Trinity , and as y ou advance
' towards The northwest, the prairies are of
returns into , vast t xtent. riut in trie grants of Zayala,
-1,300 j jurnet, and Vehlein, there is less of prai
! i r ii i i'i .
i ic miu iiiui r oi vvuuu-ianu. 1 ney BOOUnu
in beautiful and natural meadows of di
mensions trom.one. to f ye hundred and-a
to-biwinjriteftUx.!etc4 by. hiJi? P.lBH! h
neWcombanlons in politic who take'lhe 6UC" celerity, that;on his" dismayed com- .S
tibertyfwVaiiottinjvtp6ilfctruth at this de namg: ifom ltroaaeal a
consistent gentleman,? 1 rr Adams and the abroad, he was so far beyond theif reach : i
Editorofthe Globeihat pink of decency, as to defy thttr pursuit, r! A circamstance $
have lately come in collision.- Mr. Adami communicated to roe by captain Monroe, ' i
recently said in debate thavihe Edior ' of olhe Neptuuepf rather a humorpas na J If
tne uioue vnz j'arj ambassador, sent a uuvui an equai-
abroad to lie for .hUcoontrv Td tvhicli imprudent attack maderi a bear, in
the;?Globe rephe; This'is an honor, t4he Greenlaod fishery ot 182i), bjr.Va sea- ' '
which we never numi r A.mhn rrJaii employed in one of thb Hull whalers.' - j
AvntnA h llfo frt . j'l ;n".trhe'tiiDrwas''m6oredlAnnipr! nn .'
is Celebrated for his skilMn it: brw"ic
whether it has redouned to the benfit of Drwas ?be47 Prow!,n fout tor
his country, we leavp the country to de- Vxcf9 the shp cuipany, em- v
cide.' Western Carolinian.- . holdened by an-arttfictal ourage, derived
-. . : from the free use oi rum, which m his e-
T11E I'OLAR BEAR. conomy he had stored for special occa-
In the desolate regions of the norlh, sions, undertook to pursue and attack the
where unrelenting winter reigns in full bear that was within view. Armed only
appendage of horrors during the greatest with a whale lance, and atiainsi all Der-'
partot the year, even the stormy ocean suasion, he set out on his anvfntiirmi. p.
i itself is long imprisoned by "thick ribbctf -plost. A fatiguing .journey of about half
uiai .ucdt wiuj mis ui cuu;c- a ieaef over a vie dins surlaep of nmv
nial. abode. There, prowling over the (and rugged harnmockivbrought hiai with
frozen wastes, he satiates his hanger on Tin a few;- 'rdi.MJiakvwhieh
the carcases bf whales '''defertH"by;fhe'1iia surprise, undauntedly" faced him and .
adventurous fishermen, or seizes on such seemed to invitehim to the comhai-fiis-
maritie animals as come up to bask in o-; courage being by tnii time tfrcatlv sub
41
83
19
tl
1,033
1,300
r i
. 1"
oen air , and when ocraioon raid. Iir fear- 'iuH, narilu i... - 4.., fi
, - , . 7 ri "J ? tiAliuidUUil ui iiiH fiiirn- -r , m
ulus, and partly by the .undismayed and t.'S
even threatening aspect of the bear, he1 1 3
icveieu ma lance m an : attitude suited
either for offensive or defensive action.
and stopped.. The bear also stood still;
in vaiu the adventurer iriH tn
lessly plunges into the sea in pursuit of
his prey, as if the deep were his native
and familiar element. To most other
animals extreme cold is distressing and
injurious, to him it ia welcome and de
lightful : to him the glisten ice bank or
snow wreathed shore, canopied by lower-.courageJo make the attack ; his enemy
mgand tempestuous clouds, are far moreiwa. too formidable, and his appearance
inviting and agreeable, than verdant hills j too imposing. In vain also he shouted,
and sunny skies. Being endowed with j advanced his lance, aod made'teinls of
extremely acute senses, great strength, i attack ; the enemy, either n t understand-
anu a savageiy icrocious aisposition wnn
al, it is not surprising that this animal is
dreaded as the most formidable quadru
ped of the region he inhabits. Notwith-
1
II
,'T"n
v. .
. I . . . :.-t.
u.ig or aespismg euctj unmanliness, obv 't f
stmately stood his ground., . .l f
Already tho limbs of ihe sailor began to "
quiver but the fear of ridif.i.ln fm
standing his great size and apparent heav-j Uiessinatea had iu influence, and be yet -
iness, he ia very active; and though his scarcely dared to retreat. Bruinrijowover
ordinary gate may appear clumsy when 1 pS9e:33ing leas reflection, or being regard-
the ice far exceeds that of the swiftpst bqldn;3a to advance. His niirh aooroach
man. This 3nimal swims excelientlv, and unshaken &tep subdued tlie. apajflT of f-j
and advances al the rate of three miles an bravery and that dread of ridicule that had
hour. Daring the summer season he hx iCi uP?eld our "dvemurer he turned,
principally resides on the ice islands, and nd ffed ,B"1 H.ow wa8 eli?e f dW.
leaves one to visitanother, however great ,8,,l1r d ft,ght uraedjbe bear m
ho th A.atr. ir i .i ti - '"9 turn to pursue, and being better prac
be the distance. If intcrrup ed while ,n ticed m sn0Uavellm,,, and better provided
water, he d.ves and changes his course ; for-itf he rapidly gained upon the fugitive
but he neither dives, very dften nor docs The whale lance his only defence, eoW
he remain under T water for a long time, bering hnn wi.is retreat, be threw it down,
Captain'Ross saw a polar bear swimming acd kent on.. ThU fortunaifclv erifii ' th,
Jmidway in Mellviljc Sound, where the bear's attention; he stopped, pawed h, Kt
-4