ssilgi lt&j M&J-.
" -. ' w - ,
UNION
iy;lSTITUTI0N AND THE.LAWS-THE G U A K D I AN SO F OUB LIBERTY.
Vol. X3III
TUL'ISDAV, Il.iUfJIJ S3, 1813.
- . .... -
no. ii cc.
w
- - -
liar fr rick toil,
Fi Jrat, satar-'s better b'eesiogs paar
OVt'we J ! v
GARDENING. V
GirJening time U upon ut. And why
ihjuld not farmers hive as good gardens
s villagers! We always expect when
see a large enclosure attached U a
tillage residence! that a veil cultivated
gtrJen will be found within it; and why
should we ool eipeet the same on every
farm? There is no good reason why.
But sadly different, ia many instances, is
the case! You eee often- the large, farm
srnf (be small fard Well' Cultivate J, and
the garden almost ejuirely neglected. Is
th latter of less importance tn its place
thin the former! By no means. Do the
ftnriir and His ftmijy relish the products
' mJ fruits of the garden lestf than others,
when they have them? . Not at all. Then
why this neglect! It proceeds entirely
from a mistaken estimate of horticulture.
The products of the gardn are deemed
'of little moment, and those of the farm
fiery thing. All hands are harried and
driven day after day on the farm, and the
prden, which perhaps has only a wretch.
eJ little bed or two; is often permitted
top to weeds, unless cultivated by the
pour women, who generally find their
hinds full with their children and domes
tie labors. Never was there a greater
blunder than this in the cultivation of the
earth. There is nothing furnishes a
richer amount of healthful and delightful
sustenance to a family than a good vege
table garden. Indeed, some families with
very small garden spots, who carefully
cultivate them, receive from them their
chief support. Go into their dwellings
when their tables are set and you may
see a profuse display of vegetables; and
perhaps on entering the house of a neigh
boring farmer about the same time of day,
and thongh there be an abundance of meat
and bread, the display of vegetables will
be lean and stinted!
A little judicious expenditure of time
would entirely correct this incongruity,
and furnish to every farmer a rich and
delightful table of vegetables through the
year. In the first place he must have his
little garden spot fenced off with rails, if
he is not yet able to do it with pickets.
It must be a separate enclosure from the
rest of the farm, and kept so faithfully.
He mnst appropriate a day to ploughing
and preparing and sowing his earliest
beds no matter what the hurry of busi
ness. After these are done welt, as the
season advances, and the time arrives for
putting in the later vegetables, if he can
not spare time in the morning, let the
team stop in the course of the day, and
let them b well finished also, and the
business is done until weeding time.
When this comes, an hour in the morn
ing early for two or three mornings in a
week for a very few weeks, will keep the
beds perfectly clean, until the vegetables
are fit for the table, and then what will
be presented! one of the finest spots on
ths whole firm a luxuriant garden, from
whence a rich and healthful treat may be
gathered rendering comparatively but
little animal food necessary, and furnish-
ing acciacuiy trie most economical as
well pleasant living for a family.
To those' farmers who have been in the
habit of getting along for years with a
dwarfish half-culdvau'd bed or two for a
garden, we say, try the commendation
here given for one season, a',d we ar
re you novcr need be urged to it n?f1Jfl
fur the advantages will be so sensii,
frit, that of the two, the work of the frra
will be rather suspended for a day, or a
part of a day, if necessary, than the gar
den should not be seasonably and tho
roughly attended to.
A spot on the north side of the garden
may be advantageously kept as a tempo
rary nursery for choice fruit trees, (such
as cherries, plums, and pears,) as they
may be obtained from time to time from
neighbors and acquaintances, until per
manent places may be selected for their
future location. Having paid a good deal
'f HUeation to trees and agriculture, we
write from observation and experience.
linptUl liegitter.
Mil V Tl. Vnrtt Renreaas&vi
a SB. nwiwwvw i' s
that 6000 quarts of pure milk sre bronchi
'"'that city each. day, by the Erie Hail
U'd cars, from Orange county, &e., and
t it expected that in the Spring 20,000
is will befbrnugkt daily. It "ld in
New York at 4 cents a quart, and conse
quently all oihergmilk brought to the city
h fallen from 6 cents to that price, by
which a saving of half s m Ui of Hollar
year is mads to the eity. mT farmers
"f the interior m.ke more by selling milk
a 2 cents a qiart than by making bo tr
31 cents a i.iutid. ... It JT , attending
erefully to ifietc-s-iull inalters, thai our
Nuithvru We iiu-n wake more money o-i
fm-i a r, Ha rr reojle do
s-am at i. i aytUetU-'e Ubt
Fiw-a Craliss IJacasiae.
Y MBsyrainis a.cscooo ' . '
TUis afeve aH-to tU ee!f t tre!
A4 k mm IVJaw, M (U tight
Tfcee esatt SMt U Un lossy ml.
aJoibei! mother'," t xclaisscd a sweet.
eager toice, and the speaker. I.cbdd'ef
uumcsb years, tbrst law theroAn.wkeve
aire. Larltoa sat at work, M don't. yon
think ibere is to be a'prizs given o f s
htbiiionday for the bsitcorapositioa! And
I Dtaa to try for it W IP
MrsSCsrlton e a widow, with a mod
erate fortune, and a bandome bosie in
I rtsaoat Si. Jioskm. She has been a
tar ia fashionable life, but since the lots
of berknibaad, whom she tenderly lev
ed. she baa retired Iron the gay world,
and devoted herself to bercLild.a wild,
frsnk, happy, geosrous and inpeuioes
creature, wii half a desa glaring fatilts,
and one rare virtue which Dvlly repceni
ed them all. That virtue, paiieet read
ers, yoe mnst find out for yourself, v .
Harriet wap busy with berrompciition,
when her sunt, who was on a visit to Mrs.
Carhoa, ealcred the room. Aunt Eloise
was a very weak minded and weak-heart
ed lady of a very nncerlaio eahap
ily gifted with mare sensibility, tbsa
sease .She really had a deal of fueling
for berssSf and aa almost iaeihsostable
shower of Mars, varied occasionally by
hularics nd fainting fiu, whetierer aoy
pressing exigency ia the fate of her friend
dssaanled self possession, energy, or iss .
mediate assistance.
Khc thoeghtand avowed herself extra
vagaady fund of her neice, during her
early childhood, and imagined that she
displayed a graceful enthusiasm in ex
claiming, every r.cw sad then, in her pre
sence, and in that of others. "Old ytu
sogel child! I do think she is die s west
est ersature! Cou here and lias me, you
beauty!" dee. dee. Bet no one ever saw
Aunt Eloise taking ears of the child, at
tending to its Iitd wants, or doing any
thing for its benefit. . The only tangible
proof of her affection for her nice, was
in lbs shape of bondoos and candy, which
she was in the habit of bringing home
from her frequent walks ieTreiaentstrert
Harriet regularly handed thesa forbidden
luxuries to hr mother, snd Mrs. Carlton
as regularly threw them ia the fire.
" I.o't it a pity to waste such nice
things, mother! Why not give them to
some poor child in tL street!" asked the
littler girl one dsy, as she watched, with
longing eyes, a paper full of the tempt
ing poison, which her mother wts quiet
ly emptying into the grate. "
Mrs. Carlton did not disdain to reason
with ber child -
That would be worse than wasted,
dear. It would be cruel to five to an
other what 1 refuse to yoe on account of
its unwholesomedess,
e e
Oi.e morning, when she was about six
years old, the child came into ber moth
er's room from her aunt's, where shs had
been alternately pelted, sedded, nnd teas
ed, till she was weary, and, seating her
self in a corner, remained for some time
absorbed in thooghl. She had been read
ing to her mother that morning, and one
sentence, of which she had asked sn ex
planation, had made a deep impression
upon her. It was this: " God sends us tri
als and troubles to strengthen and purify
our hearts." She now set in the corner,
without speaking or stirring, until her
mother's voice startled ber from ber re
verie. Of what are you now thinking, Har
riot!" Mother, did God send aunt Eloise to
strengthen and purify my heart!"
What do you mean, my child!
Why the book says he sends trials
f0 that, snd she is the greatest trial 1 have,
yon know."
The indignant maiden was just enter
ing ti '00(D 8 ,ne dialogue began, and
hearing i."' own n,rne ,he ,0PPeJ un
seen, to li.leu'- Speechless with rage she
returned to her cu'er. "J " De?r
heard to call Harriet , ngel child again.
But we have wasted mc,: words on the
fair Eloise's follies than they deserve.
Let os retura to Harriet's" all-important
composition. .
The maiden lady, selfUh and indolent
as she was. took it into her bead some
times to be exceedingly inquisitive, and
officious too. particularly where she
thought her literary talents could come
into play. She walked up to linnet and
looked over ner snouuicr.
What's ih s. heyl UDi swryi
Thai's right. Harriet, I am glad to tee yMl
takini- to literary pursuit. Come child! ,
.i- M .! I will Lnnrove that!
. I
sentence for you. I
Tnank you, aunt, dui i aou v wn.
tiimnrnved "
" Not want It improved: iu..--
ityi" . ;
"Indeed -sunt, I am not vsm about it,
and I would I.ke you to help me, if it
were nut to be shown a mine. I would nt
be fair, you know, to pass off snoiher s
as my own. I wntingpr a jnze.
. T,I if - tMat.
? Fer a prize! Se mneh the more res
sob Hat yoe shocld be assisted. There,
dear, rsi away te your f lav. and I will
write H.a!l for job. xSWU he sere to
wia tie pnie. -..
With every word thai uttered. Har
riet eyes had grown larger sad darker,
sod at the close, shs turned them, fall pi
astoaishmeat, from ber sort's fars to her
mother's. Be-assered by the expression
of the latter,' she r-! d. . .
-Bui, east EJois. that would be a
MsehooJ, yea know
A falsehood, miss!" tried the maiden
har l)s-itiia ery common thing, 1
assure yea
, M Bt not the ls Mse for being com1"
mon. fcloise;" said Mrs. Csdion; prsyi
it Harriet asve her own'wayboet it,
It would be far better to lose the prUs.
than to ria it thus diahoeesdy.
Auol Eloise, as usual, sternly detsr
miasd to have hsr own wsy; but the said
no more then, end Harriet pursued ber
employment without further interruption.
Tht txhitiiitoo dsy had arrived. Har
riet hid Coishsd ber story several 'ays
before, and read ft to her mother. It was
asinjp', gracefuf, child-like rusion, with
less of Distentions and ornament; and
more of spirit snd originality than hs
compositions f inot chtldien of the same
sge routain.
Mrs. Carlton seemed moch pleased;
tut sunt E!o is had crnised it without
merey. At the same titae she was oV
ssrved to smile frequently with cuoaLg,
sly, triumphant expression, peculiar to
herself sn-exprettiao which she alweys
wore wheo shs bad a secret, and secrets
she had, in abaadance a aew one al
most every day trivial petty secrets,
which no ote eared about but. herself;
but which she guarded as jealously asl if
they had heesj'spples of guld. . ..
' The exhibition day bad arrived. .
"Good by, mother; good by aunt,
said Harriot, glancing for a moment into
ins creauati room.
She was looking very pretty in a sim
ple, tasteful dress, mads for the occasion.
She held the story in htr hand, neatly
enclosed in an ccvehtpe, sad hsr eyes
were lull or hope the cloudless hope of
childhood. .
Dont't be surprised. Harriet," said
her aunt, "at any thing that may happen
to-day. Only be thankful if the priie is
your's, that's all."
" II Kate Sumner don't win it, I do
hope I shall!" replied the eager child, and
awsy she tripped to school.
At twelve -o'clock Mrs. Carlton and
her sister took their' seats among the au
dience, in the exhibition room. The
ud exercises were completed, and it on
ly remained for the compositions to read
aloud by the teacher. ' . .
Tbe first was a sentimental essay op
on Friendship. Mr. Yent worth, tbe tea
cher, looked first surprised,- then smua
ed, than vexed as he read, while 'a gaily
and fashionably dressed lady, who occu
pied a conspicuous place ia tbe assem
bly, was observed to 'tots her head snd
fsn herself wiih a vary complacent air,
whils she met with a nod, the conscious
eves of a fair and beautiful, but haughty
looking giil of fifteen seated among the
pupils. v
" By Angelins Burton. said the tsach
eras he concluded, snd laying it sside
without further comment, he look up the
next," Iiaes to a Favorits tree, by Ca
tharine Sumner." 1
The next was a story, and Harriet
Carlton's ejres and cheeks changed color
as the listened. It was the same, yet
not the same! Tbe incidents were hers,
the sentiments more novdike, and many
a flowery and highly wrought sentence
had been introduced, which she had ne
ver heard before.
She tatVpeechlsss with wonder, indig
nation and dismay, sod though several
other inferior compositions were read, tbe
was so absorbed in reverie, that the heard
no more until she waa stratlcd by Mr.
Wentworth's voice, calling her by name.
She looked op. In his hand was the
prize richly chased, golden pencil case,
suspended to a chain of the sune mate
rial. The sound, the sight recalled her
bewildered faculties, and ere shs reached
the deak, she had formed a resolution,
which, however, it required all her native
strength of sool to put in practice.
" Miss Carlton, the prize is youra!"
and the teacher leaned formed forward to
ihrow the chain around her neck. Tbe
child drew back.
No, sir," she said in a low but firm,
and distioet voice, looking up bravely in
his face, " I did not write the story you
have read."
Not write ill" exclaimed Mr. Went
worth;" why does it bear you name!
Am I to understand. Miss Carlton, that
you have a-ked another s sssistance II
your composition, and that you now re
nor! the deception!"
in
Poor Harriet, this wss too much I
' . . . , ,,, . . .
uer or eyu m. u.r.
tears; her lip trembled with emotion, and
she paused a moment, as if diidaioing a
reply to this unmerited ensrge.
A slight snd sneering laugh from the
beauty arooaed her, and she answered,
resnecifullvbuifiin.lv.
" The story I did write was ip that
nveloDO vestordav. florae one has
t-f ' -. .
rhaisgtd it wiihoat my knswUr'g. ft
was nut so gou4 as that you haw reuu
so I must not ike tbe prize. ,
There was e awarmur t epplav e
throegh the astea b!y, and the Martv.r
beat apoa the Llusiag girl e !.ck of ip-J
proval, which amly repaid Lrs for all
the embarrass meat she had su ffered. ,
' Aent Eloise took advantage of the nu
meaury excitement to steal -unobserved
from tie room. Harriet took hersesUatd
Mias Angelina Curtoa was called op. 4Tt e
portly matron leaned smiling fotward;
sod tbe graceful liule teauty, s'.re-dy sf-
fcclioe the airs ef a fine lady, sauntered I
up to lle dek sad languidly reached eat
Ltrhiad fr the prize. . , . j
I cannot say much for your taste U
selection. Miss Burton. I do not admire ' he smeke from the great emption of lbs
your sutbnr's sentiments. .The texjkjwoVano llerls, in I-e!snd, which cot ered
Ume'ycu with to make an extract, you more than three thousand square tn'-les
mutt allow os to rhoose for yon. 'There , with burning lava, in some places to the
are better thine s than this, even ia the depth of forty fee. I bad this account
trssby magazine from which you copied
It, , .
And with this severe, but lastly tneri- J
tf drtroof ol the imposition that had
been rrsctiied. he handed the young U-
dy, not ths prize, which she expected,
In that maauaciipt essay on Friendship, I
which shs had copied, word for word, aixteeam egreeanfl norm want, nonliern
from en old magazine. , - . I l'f ,r f daily occurrence, and so have
The portly lady terned very red, and .been from time immemorial. So illumi
tbe beaty, bursting iato tears of sngsr snd. nated sre the heavens that persons may
mortification, returned to her seat discoin-to'ii 'ad in the aijht.
filed.
Miss Catharins Sumner." rssamed the
teacher with a benign smile, to a plain
yst noble looking girl who cams forward
ss be spoke: " I believe there can re no
mistake about your little efiusioa. ' I feel
greet pteaiure ia presenting you the re
ward due, aot enly to your mental culti-
vation. but to the goodness of your heart,
What! do yoa, loo.' hesitate!"
4Will yeo bs kind enough, sir," said
the generous Kate, taking a raper from
her pocket, "to read Harriet's story
fine you decide! I a-ked her lor a copy i
several cays ago, and.beieit is,
" Your shall rend it to the audience
yourself, my drar; 1 am sore they will
listen patiently to so kind a pleader in
her friend's behalf.:
The listeners looked pleased and eager
to hear the story; and Kale Sumner, with
modest self possession, which well be
came her, snd with her fine eyes lighting
up ss she read, did full justice to Hie
pretty and touchirg story, of which Har
riet had bern cruelly robbed.
" It is wsll worth reading," said Mr.
Wentworth, when she had finished:
"your friend has won the prize, my dear
young lady; sad, as she owes it "to your
generosity, you shall have the pleasure of
bestowing it yooself.
Kate's face glowed with emotion, as
she bung the chain around Harriet's
neck, and Harriet could not restrain her
tears while she whispered, '
"I will take it, not ss a prize, but as a
gift from you, dear Kate!"
" And now, M.ss Sumner, said Mr.
Wsmworih, in conclusion, " let me beg
your scceptance of these volumes ss a
token nl your teacher s rrspeet and es
teem," and presenting her a beautifully
bound edition of Milton's works, he
bowed his adieu to tbe retiring audi
ence. A Will vou lend me. your prize pencil
this morning. Harriet?" said Mrs. Carl
ton the next day. .- She was dreased for
walk, and Harriet wondered why ehn
should want ths pencil tn lake out with
hei; but she immediately unclasped the
chain from the neck, and handed it to her
mother, without asking any qauatinns.
Mis waa rewarded at dinner by finding
it lying at the side of her plate, with
the single word, Tritii," engraved
upon its seal.
From the New York F.spres-.
Wonderful sights in the air.
The venerable American lexicographer
has thought it worth while to notice, in
the New Haven Herald, the use which
sppears io have been made in recent pub
lications of certain atmospheric pheno
mena, in reference to the great change
which it ia said is to come over the world
this year. He says:
" To persons not accu-tomed to see any
unusual phenomenon in the heavens, such
as a fiery appearance of the clouds must
be very terrific. Ignorance in audi cases
is a calamity. I had seen more wonder
ful sppesranccs in the clouds or hesvens.
and was not in the least disturbrd.
" In the dark day, Mav 19, 1780, the
heavens were cohered with a dense cloud
for threo or four hours; the Legislature
was in session at Hartford, and such was
the darkness that business could not be
transacted without candle. During this
time the clouds wero tinged with a yellow
or faint red for hours, for. which no cause
has been assigned. I stood and viewed
this phenomenon with astonishment, but
I had not any fear that the world was coin
ing to an end. I
i " In ths evening of Msrch 20, 1782,
an extrsordinary light spread over the (chanic, that possesses the power of nar
whola liemisphers from horizon to hori-' rowing, and widening, and knitting to any
zon, north and south, east and west. The desirable pattern, doing the work which
light was a yellowish caat and wavy. ' twenty or thirty hands performed at the
The waiving of tho light was visible, and looms.
eae ff f os Leard, or imsg'r.rd i!.-y
hrtrJ, a t! gftl rs-tfing aotd. 1 thru
resided in Ciushea. Or-age eooLty, New
York, snd sfnod half an hoer sua a biiJgs
over the n $H h.td. t& witness thtl ixua-
ordinary plranwepna, hut I saw no er
soa thsi ssi (Tightened at lbs sight.
, la tbe year I7S3, a great part ff
Europe was ever-presd for weeks with
haziness of ahofttplere which canted
great eooalerration Tbe churches, were
crowded with supplicants. The astro
awaner Inland, attempted to allay the fright
by eodeaioring to acemmt for the ap-
pesrsaee. which he ascribed toa ancom
men exhalation of watery pariielts from
the great raiaf the succeeding year.
Cut at last the cause was aseeiuimd to
.fra Dr. Franklin, who was in Europe
j at the time. ;
a a late paper, publiabed y trie
Millerites, I saw an article st.tii g that
the northern lights foretell something ter-
nble. " The writer eeems not to know
that in the high northern latitudes. In the
I. "These I;hi occanon.Uy come so
far outh ss to iiluoincte the sky in our
lathude. Semetliuea they do not appesr
for many years." At the close of the
sereateenUi amh beginning ef ths eigh
teenth century these lights were r.ot seen
for a long period, snd when they re ap
peared, about the jear 1 8 17, our antes-
jtors who had not seen or heard of thtm,
j were a!l alarmed, and actually supposed
'that the day of judgment hadconie.
I " Daring my life I have been so moch
be-,aceuatooieil;to sector them lights, fa 'ling
start, so called, and fire halls', that they
have long siuce xsased to excite my en
rioaiiy. . ' - ;
" Nearly thirty yesrs ago I read sn
article in a Vermont paper, stating that
ths noitliern light en. a certain evening,
wis to low as to be visible between tbe
spectator and
5
a distant mountain.
N. WEBSTER,"
From the Rotaoks Republican. '
ECONOMY. rA'greal many persons
imagine parsimony to be economy. and
that stinginess ia s virtue, but there is no
greater mistake. Si. me imagine that to
be economical is to save money to hoard
up silver and gold, and that nothing else
is necessary to constitute an economical
individual. This is a mistake. Borne be
leve that to spend money lavishly for
fine clothes, fine furniture, dee. is the only
wsy in which sn individeal can be ex
travagant and that a wasting of cash con
stitutes a spendthrift, and that no other
characters should be designated by -that
term.. This is another mistake. In the
first place, economy end stinginess differ
in the motives thai prompt their exercise.
Economy is the taking care of one's pro
petty whether it be money or houses or
taDds.Jnr the purpose of providing well
for one's hoaiebold and to be able to as
sist the needy of the neighborhood. It
is a .virtue. IVrimony is the stinting
ons's sell or family and denying them
the comforts of life for the 'purpose of
hoarding up wealth to gratify the pride
of the heart. Ii ia to live poor and mis
rrable and mean that we may die. rich.
Economy it honourable; l'ariaony is
dcspictible. Secondly. K economy should
be carried so far as to become a habit of
craving and coveting a neighbour's goods
for anything lets than their full a!ue, it
is at once a sinful and disgraceful avarice.
So thui every economical individual
should bs very c.mtions how lie acts, and
not in luljje too much in ibis virtue. Waste
nothing. sae every thing, and give what
) ou can spare. Thirdly, Time is money"
And more extravagance is. exhibited in
the watte of this, than in any other arti
cle of property man possesses. Money is
made by time; property of all kinds u t .e
product ot time; and yet hun lnds seem
to think time of no value whatever. When
t!iey eee an individual spending large a
mounts of cash for fine clothes or other
luxuries, they exclaim "that person ia a
spendthrift, and if he does not reform he
will become a bankrupt." But they see
individuals by the score, wasting in idle
ness day after day, months after months,
and year after ear of their time, snd do
not consider them spendthrifts at all. Is it
not atrange! The individual who lives
in idleness one year, squanders, wastes,
throws away just so much money ss he
might have earned during that year by
some honest employment. Is it not so!
Those who watte time, then, are equal
ly as much spendthrifts as those who
waste money, and should bo so cou.ider
ed. .
A Rotary Knitting Loom has been in
vrutid in Boston by an ingenious n e
Ileas; mf Rejirttrn'aUt ea t'e&. ST ;..
THE BR1TIII TKEA1 Y. V
The Speaker laid before the House the
following fhetsae front the Frraiurpr rf
die United States, in answer to a rmdu
tkm of the Hoti on the subject of the
romtnietion of that portion of t!ie treaty
of Washington which relates to lUt right
vtLira.rbniayS7.h.lStl .
Ta the Atrie .'rprrscwaicfa;
Tn compliance wiih the resolution rf
the House of ltrprett utatm a of the S?d
inst. requs i sting tue to communicate to the
House " whatever evrrespondence or
communication may have been rcrriieJ (
from the British Government respecting
the riesidem's construction of tc late
British treaty concluded at Washington,
as it concerns aa alleged right to vit-it
American vessels, I herewith transmit
a report made to me by the Secretary of,'
,Swr. ..; r Vk j , f .
I hare alo Umught proper to rotr.mn
nirate copies of Iord Aberdeen's ilctu-r of
the 20lh December, 181 1, t Mr. Ee
rett, Mr Everett's letter of the 23d
December in reply thereto, snd extracts f
from several letters of Mr. Evrrrtl toMio .
Secretary of State. .
I cannot forego the expression of my'
regret at the apparent purport ofa part
of Lord Alcrdcc u's despatchto Mr. Fox,
I had dicrishcd the liMe thai all prola-
bility of rnisundcrstandiog as to the' true-
construction of the 6th article of the trea-
tyjatcly concluded between Great Bri
tain and the United States, was preclu- 1
ded bv the o'.ain and well weighed lan-
gttczc in whit'h it is expressed. The de-
sire ofv both Govcrnmenls is to put an
end as speedily as possible, 10 the slate '
trade, and that 'desire, I need scarcely '
add, is as strongly; and as sincerely, felt
by the United Slates a it can be by Great 1
Britain. Yet it most not he forgotten fliat
the trade, though now universally rcpro- J
bated, was, up to a late period, prosecuted
by all who chose to engage in it, and there
were unfortunately but verv few Chris-
lian Powers whose subjects were net per
mitted and even encouraged to share in
the profits of what was regarded as a per
fectly legitimate commerce.' It origina
ted at a period long before the United
States had been independent, and was
carried oa' within onr borders' in 'oppo
sition to the most earnest remonstran- '
ces and expostulations of some rjf the co-
Ionics in which it waa most actively rro- ;
secuted. Those engaged in it yrere as lit-
tie liable to inquiry or interruption as any ' '
others. Its character thus fixed by com- - .-
mnn Pnnnl nnit crpn'rsl nraclicp. pnrflil
only be changed by a positive assent of
each and every nation, expressed either. is ; w -the
form of municipal law or convention- A
al arrangement. The United States led
t!;c way in eCbrti to suppress it. They i
claimed no righyo dictate to there, but "
they resolved, without waiting for the co- 1
operation of other Powers, to prohibit it
to their own citizens, and to visions per-,"
petration by them with condign apunish-'
ment. I may safely affirm that it never- ,
occurred to this Government that any new '
maritime right accrued to it from the po- :
sition it had thus assnmcd in regard to
the slave trade. Ifbefore our laws for
its suppression, the flag of every nation '
might traverse the ocean unquestioned by,
our cruisers, this freedom was not, in our -opinion,
abridged by our municipal legis
lation. .
Any other doctrine, it jsplain, would
subject to an arbitrary and ever varying
system of maritime police, adopted at will ,
by the great naval power for the time be-1,
ing, the trade of the world in any place ,
or in any articles which euch Power
might see fit to prohibit to its own sub- ,
jecu or citizens. A principle of this kind
could scaicely be acknowledged withont
subjecting commerce to the risk of con
stant and harrasing vexations.
The attempt to justify such a prcten- ,
sion from the right to visit and detain
ships upon reasonable suspicion of piracy,
would deservedly be exposed to universal
condemnation, since it would be an at
tempt to convert an established rule ef
maritime law, incorporated as a princi
ple into the international code by the con
sent of all nations, into a rule and prin
ciple adopted by a single nation, and en
forced only by its assumed authority.' To""
seize and dt tain a ship upon suspicion of
piracy, with probanle cause and in good
faith, affords no just ground cither forr':
complaint on the part of the nation whose'
nag she bears, or claim of indemnity on '
the part of the owner. The universal ""
law sanctions, and the common good re-'
quires, the existence of surh a rule. The
right under such circumtaiic s, not'only
to visit and detain, but to search a ship, is '
a perfect right, and involves neither re
sponsibility nor indemnity, But, with
this single exception, notation has, in
time of peace, any authority to detain the i
ships of another upon the high seas;onv
any pretext whatever beyond the'lim
its of their territorial jurisdiction. 9Arul''
such. I am happy to find, is substantially -the
doctrine of Great Britain hewelf, in r
her most recent official declarations, antll
evert in those how Conmunicatednb tlie ,
House. ; These declarations may well
lead us to doubt wh.cicr tho apparent dif-
v
e
f5