North Carolina Newspapers

ilie (uaroiina 9t bC3..1kIii. tfli Ti VOL IX. THIRD SERIES SALISBURY. H. C, JUNE 27, 1878. NO 38. CI n Mate Convention Young Men's Christian Association. Ou Thursday evening at 8.30, P. M., the Delegates of the Y. M. C. A. to the State Co.m't wi N. C, assembled lnjhe large, veil , -d and tastefully decorated Hall of ti e Y"M. C. A. of Greensboro. -The' devotional exercises were conduct- . ttl by Kev. S. 1 J. Adams of the Methodist ' 'See KWckf Greensboro, wel- mr.t the delegates to the hospitalities of th citv in a truly happy and pleasant thscity His remarks were iun 01 waiui, cordial, and kinury ieeimg, fiHauiui s o 7 tfity did from his large, generous, chris tian .heart. ' J Henry Fonst, Esq., Chairman of the State Executive Committee, respouded in an earnest and brilliant address. June 14.-The State Convention 1 M C A met in Dr Bcnbow's large and eon njodious hall; 13 associations and 33 del- - elates present. Opened with devotional excises conducted by Prof. W C Doub, of Greensboro. TKMI'ORAUV ORGANIZATION". A committee appointe d to select pcr ! manent otlicers for the Convention. Leave omitted to retire. . ( oinmittee reported the following for permanent officers for this convention for : one. vear : ' President, J. II. Foiift, of Charlotte. Vice Pres., W. C. Doub, Greensboro. " " John A. Kamsay, Salisbury. Sec, James II. Southgate, Chapel Hill. ,Wt. Sec, J. H. K. Hundy, Five miuutes report s-from Associations wereuext in order and were very jnter- Frjtlay Afternoon. Devotional hxer rises". Order -of business. Judge It 1 " Dick opened the discussion with an ele gant and interesting address Subject,. " "The Dible in Association Work.'' Friday Night. Devotional exercises, (hucr of "business. Kev P J Caraway, of 'Winston opened the discussion. Subject, M'ouug Men's Christian Association and itsrehition to the Churches.''- Saturday Morning. Devotional exer cises, conducted by.K P Troy, Esq. OKUEU OK nr sin ess. Th Lllowinz Committee oh State Oi- gauization was appointed : G 1J Hanua, John Armstrong, F H Lcntz, I) V C Hen bow, W II Hill and W P Ware. Com mittee alhrwed to retire. af J Henry Foust, then opened the discus sion subject, "Our State WirV' in au able. and effective manner. In 1iU ad dress he showed what valuable work had been done, land drew a grand and brilliant picture" "of the future, : A . M McPctcrs, Esq, f Haleigli, foNowed-in a truly inter esting and toiietiing addres ou .Associa tion work in our prisons and penitentia ries. Saturday Afternoon. Devotional exer cises, conducted by lie v I J. Caraway. Order of business; five minutes, lie ports of Associations. Committee on State organization re- ! '"potted and announced an Executive Com mittee for the next year. J. Henry Foust, 1 Esq, T M Pitman, Eq, of Charlotte, Capt John A Ham'say, of Salisbury, - More- head, Exj, of Greensboro, John Armstrong and ; - of llaleigh. 1 Exception having Iteeu taken to a num- kr of articles in the Constitution, the ' following; gentlemen were added to the t'onnnit'tee and given leave to retire: Itev J Henry Smythe, Rev J B Harrett, Hon J J Hickman and J Henry Foust. T M Pitman, Esq, opened the discus sion; subject : "Our Prayer Meetiugs, how can we make them more interesting. Committee on State organizations re H)ited, and the constitution was taken up article after article and uuanimously adopted. Saturday Nigh I. Devotional exercises conducted by Mr T K Cree. Praise, and - promise meeting. G B Hanna, Esq, open- I'll liMl wvl'.vil. L!lilvi....f 1 4 I t . ... ' the working talent of our young men. Jas II Southgate, EsiT subject : "How , to reach our young men in schools aiid Colleges. F II Lent 13-, Esq, subject, "How to leach the unconverted.' The discussion of this last subject closed , the business of the Convention, and the I leep interest and close attention shown by both delegates and visitors to the va rious subjects discussed give a reasonable hope" that much good was done. That , good seed was sown, upon good ground and that it w ould bring forth some thirty, some sixty, and some an hundred fold. An open air service was held Friday, Saturday and Sunday evenings at oj o'clock, T M, which weref attended by large numbers; and close attention and deep. interest -was manifested by all to the services. Greensboro is a beautiful city and in its hospitable homes dwells a generous, kind, stnd Christian ieople, and the memory of the Greensboro V M (' A State (mven--tiou will he an oasis in the life of each delegate at that Convention. Where all did so well it would seem uujust to mention any one, but I deem it sinipre justico to say that much praise is 'due Miss Mciidcuhall for her j promptness in attendance, (never absent.) She sang several solos with a purity of 'expression, sweetness of tone and brilliant execution that is very rare, and that added much to the pleasure of the meetings. Mr. Moor abo presided at the organ in an able aud effective manner; and to Dr I) W C Ben bow we are all under 'many obligations fur.the-usc of his large 4ind well furnished nail, and for his mauy -personal atten tions to members and visitors to the meet ings of the Convention. R. RESOLUTIONS OF RESPECT.' iPifrra, we, the members of Win Davie .Lodge, F. Si A. M. have in the R. in- jinite Wisdom of God, the great architect of the universe, Won deprived by death f our esteemed and venerable brother, George Riley, P. M., and a charter mem -berof this lodge, organized filth Decem ber, 1843, and its first S. W., deem it fit and proper to give some faint expression to the emotions with which we are touch -1 by this sad event, as.well as to express our appreciation of the many virtues of our deceased brother; therefore, l Jlesolred, I. That wo as a fraternity contemplate with feeling of profoiindor- row the death of ur brother, George Kiley, P. M.f a most worthy and esteemed member of this lodge. i:goived, 2. That we bow with humble to this dispensatian of the r.4 . ri, : great architect of the universe, EcsolrcdfZ. That iu the death of our brother, George Riley, P. M., this lodge as logt ft brotLer a friend and a Mason who reflected credit and honor alike upr on this lodge, as well as upon the ancient and honorable fraternity, generally, of which he was a most worth member ornament , , h L t th member and, Ilesolrcd, 4. That as a citizen he was ' manly and patriotic ; as a friend, forever true aud faithful ; as a Mason, true and loyal, attached to its time honored prin ciple and, rennets; kiudand considerate among, and deservedly popular inliisitP tercourse with his bretliren ; and 8 a Christian without reproach, and as a man, he discharged his duty iu all the, relations of life with credit to his country, honor to his race, and with christian humility to his God; and as such, we express the ardent hope that his name aud virtues may long be cherished as an example worthy of imitation among men and Masons. 'i Hesolfed, 5. That as a further testimony of our esteem and regard for our deceased brother we wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. Hcsolved, 0. That -the above preamble ami resolutions be spread upon the books of the secretary of this lodge. II e sol red, 7. That the secretary furnish a copy of the above to the Jhtridsdn h'ecord and to the Salisbury Watchman, with a request to-publish. S. W. Rice, ) Hen set Nook, E. D. Smirsox, Comm. (From the Wllraingtou Star.) CO M PA 11 AT I V E M 0 IIT A LIT-Y. There is nothing more worthy of the philanthropist's attention than the mor tality statistics of a country. Iu the days of John Milton the average duration of 'life in England wax' about 2!) years. It is now, we believe, about 33 years. This large increase is owing to the. progress in medicine and a better understanding and more faithful observance of hygienic laws: The vital statistics 'of Southern cities, nnd the comparntivedeaths among tho races, are attraetiug mom and more at tention each year.; Wo have several times drawn attention to the marked and alarm ing mortality among the colored people in the towns and cities. They appear to have a passion to congregate in towns, aiul the. result is thatthedeath rate among tlmiii i much hiirlioi- u-n tliinL- fl-n it- in - Al . 0 .. .- it - ' MvmS t!,ose 1,ve ,n the country and till the farms. As tar as wo have observ ed or been able to gather iuformatiou upon the subject, the death rates are not much, if any greater, among country dar keys than they were iu the days of sla very. But this is not the case iu the towns. . . A physician at Nashvile, Tenn., has recently compiled a table of comparative mortality iu several Southern cities. These li mires tell tbo storv nfiin tola in t.illfnn1Hln mf ,v. f deaths anion the colored as compared with the white We will give the relative per eentage. Memphis, whites 13.(KJ, colored 40.0(. Chattanooga, whites lrt.(i(, colored 'J!).50. KnoxvTlle, whites 18.1X), colored J1.(M). Richmond, whites 17.ijfl, colored 8.13. District of Columbia, whites H.!, colored 47.(W. Baltimore, whites 10.8Q colored U.4i. Mobile, whites 12.15, colored 2-1.17. Selma, whites 1-1.2, colored 13.35. New Orleans, whi tes 25.4.1, colored 39.K). Char leston, whites 27.21, colored 4l.t J. Nash ville, whites 21.82, colored 33.50. The dejith rate among the negroes, ac cording to these- statistics, is about 75 per cent, greater tliau among tlio whites. Some of our exchanges think the death rate among the negroes in the country even greater than in the towns ; but, as we have said, wedouot believe it. It is not in accordaue with what we have seen and heard. . Prior to the war, the death rate among the colored people was but little in excess of that aiuoug the whites. .The question of mortality among the colored people must attract the serious attention of the South. They are the best laborers that can be procured for our section, and any question that affects them must affect the whites. The Baltimore (Jazette, upon this very subject, says : 'Wc think, however, that sufficient at tentioif is not given to the facts w hich go to counteract the greater death-rate in tlie cities. It may be that in the rural dis tricts where the uegroes loud more heal thy aud industrious lives, they are gain ing sufficiently to enable thfiu to staup the losses in the towus. Ouo fact that goes to show this is the maguificeut crops that have been raised in the South by ne gro labor during the past three years. The harvests of cotton have been far greater than the averages during the era of slavery. This-proves that the work ing power of the race that sure measure of vitality and. health so far from de creasing has increased. And even iu the crowded cities there seeius to be no uli lniuution of vital force among them. One may meet everywhere sturdy and power ful men and wouion-that compare favor ably in point of health aud strength with the whites. The greater death-rate iu the cities thus appears to be due to dj rect imprudeuces which, stricke theui down in the midst of good health ; to lack of proper medical attention and nursing in sickness; to hick of precau tions against the spread of contagions dis eases, and similar causes, rather than to a geueral enfeeblement of the race." We gave the total' vital statistics of Wilmington some weeks ago. We are satisfied that the death rate among the whites here is less than it is iu any of the above mentioned towns, with the excep tion of Mobile and Selma, Alabama. We think it is a little less tlian in Richmond. But, as we stated before, we are unable to give the exact number of deaths among the two races. The total for 1877 was 370. It will be observed that the death rates at Chattanooga are much smaller than those previously published.' "THE SUPREME iCOTJRT TICKET." On the work of the Convention yester- I day the public verdict will be "well done." ' The. Supreme Judiciary which the Democracy of North Carolina yesterday took the first step toward erecting, is one which will please the people of the State, recommend itself to the judgment of the American people, and challenge the ad miration of sister States. For purity of persona!, pro.'esionaljmd public reputation, the people of North Carolina were never given the opportuni ty to record their votes for three gentle men the superior of Smith, Ashe and Dil lard. -And in point of learing and ability, there is not a Judiciary iu any State of the Union superior to that which the State will possess after the first day of August next. It is a comfort to the public mind to feel that in the Judiciary to be elected in August, the people will have a court of last resort in which life, liberty and pro perty are guaranteed all the protection which tlie legal safeguards established by English civilization for the past centuries of intellectual and religious triumph have succeeded in establishing and throwing around society. That in the Judges, be fore whom the final hearing of all great causes involving life and death, the liber ty of the citizen and the estates of the orphaned and dependent, North Caroli na has sitting in her highest temple of Justice men who, human may err, but so high above suspiciou or reproach, that public confidence rcjKses itself iu that nearest approach to hnninn infallibility, the stern and unflinching integrity of the highest type of exalted mnhhood ; a man hood as illustrious as it is unpretentious, pure aud devoted to all that is good, noble and patriotic in mankind. Hal. Xvirs. ANDERSON S CONFESSI ON . (Intervlew with the FeUclana Supervisor. railauel- piua ltecoru, usta.) 'You left the South rather hurriedly ; hqw about that? inquired the reporter. "Well, yes, I did. There was a super visor Webber, who took 700 Democra tic majority in his parish aud transferred the figures over to the other side, and re turned 500 Republican majority, making a change of 1,200 votes. One morning he was was fouud dead, and 1 thought the climate of the North would agree with me better, so I moved to Philadelphia," said Anderson. I4 What did your sin consist of ?" asked the reiorter. 44I threw out some 2,100 Democratic votes. There was 1 ,743 Democrtic ma jority in the parish, and 420 unregistered voters, whose ballots were entitled to be counted for the Presidential electoral ticket, but not to be counted for the State ticket. The whole vote of the parish 1 had thrown out. So Weblier and 1 be tween us got rid of 3,300 votos, which sav ed Lousiaua to Hayes, and nothing else did it. When I found that Webber was murdered in cold blood, 1 did not know wheu my time would come so 1 emigrated," replied Mr. Anderson. It is commouly held that if you touch the pocket nerve you touch the man. England had much cause for the interest she takes in Turkey. If the "Sick Man" was sold out or his effects were levied ou by him of the North, England would be the loser by $450,800,000 due to her sub jects. The French are also very much interested, as Turkey owes them $200,- .000,000. She is also very largely indebt ed to other countries. Her total debt is estimated at $1,300,000,000. Washington correspondent says : It is asserted positively to-day that the Dem ocratic members of the committee are in possession of absolute evidence that Hayes knew what Anderson and Webber yfere doing, and all that was going ou. Phil. Jic'cord, Iicj). Pee Dec Bee : We think Col. Steele's course in Cougress is the most forcible argument that can be brought forward in behalf of his rcnontiuation. He has clear ly shown his worthiness of a seat iu Con gress as a true North Carolinian. President Hayes cannot bo put out of office without a revolution ; but inside of such revolution the proofs of fraud are legitimate electioneering capital for the Democratic party. AVir 'York Herald. Rockingham Spirit x It is understood that the Republicans will make no nomi nations for Supreme Court Judges, The Executive Committees of each Congressional District are as follows : FIRST DISTRICT. ' Jas E Shepherd, of Beaufort; T R Jer nigan, of Hertford; Barge Urquhart, of Uertie: Henry Waliab, of Hyde. SECOND DISTRICT. A J Galloway, of Wayne; W J Green, of Warren: R B Peeblea, of Northampton; J S Long, of Craven. i THIRD DISTRICT. Jas A Worth, of Cumberland: Duncan J Devane, of New Hanover; C W Mc Clammey, of Peuder; Col;lI B Short, of Columbus. 5 FOURTH DISTRICT. Caleb B Green, of Durham; J S Amis, of Granville; II A Londouf Jr, of Chatham; Dr J W Vick, of Selma. r FIFTH DIS?BICT. ;VT" George II Gregory, of Guilford; Jim W Reid, of Rockingham; James lloleman, of Person; Jas A Graham, of-Alamance. SIXTH DISTUICT. B C Cobb, of Lincoln; Frank McNeill, of Robeson; Piatt D Walker, of Mecklen burg; E R Liles, of Anson. SKVENTII DISTUICT. W H II Cowles, of Wilkes; KerrCraige, of Rowan; G V Mathews, of Foisythe; T S Tucker, of Iredell. - EIGHTH DISTRICT. Kope Elias, of Macon, AM Erwin, of McDowell; B F Logan, of Cleveland; Rob't M Furman, of Buncombe. What Dkmockacy Doks. We have been at some painsto get a few figures re lative to the tax business in this city as comparing the piesent Democratic admin istration with those of previous years. A comparative statement of taxation tor the years 1877 and 1S73 shows the valuation of real estate for 1 877 to have been $3, 832,800 against $2,S74,btW in 1S78. In 1877 the tax levied was 2 per cent, and the amount $70,057.80, while iu 1378 the tax is but 1 J per cent, and the amount $50,3(50.03. The reduction is equal to 25 per cent, in valuation and something over 33J per cent, in the amount to be realized, all in the favor of the tax payers this year. In the sr.iue way and in the same ratio there is a reduction in the personal tax. The total reduction on real and personal tax amounts to $23,703.14, and the reduc tion on merchant's license tax, $0,000, makes a total reduction of $37,703.14. To illustrate: In 1877 the tax ou $.1,000 worth of real estate was. $100, and this year it is but $05.03 a reduction of $31 M7. And there are some other points. We understand from Mayor Fishblate that w hen he went into office a few months since he found a floating debt of $10,000 which has since been reduced to $4,000, and that all warrants are paid by the treasurer as presented. Besides this, the Mayor says that he has asked and will get but $40,000 this year with which to run the city machine ; against an average of $122,000 a year under the Republicans. Who will say that it dies not pay the tax -payers to have a Democratic admin istration ! Yiliniti(jtoii Jiericir. "DOODLE BUGS." It is a known fact that nearly every thing in nature likes music; snakes have danced to it, mice have come from their holes aud listened w ith rapt jittention, aud even bugs aro nut insensible. 'We call the Doodle bugs up any time we have a mind," said some little girls to me one day when I wus teaching school in western Virginia. "Doodle bugs?" said I. 4'I never heard of such things." "Would you like to see them VJ asked one. "Most assuredly," I answered. Then the litte girls led me forth to the ruins of an old log school-house, roofless and floorless, and joining hands, they squatted upon the ground forming a ring, and began chanting in the most musical tones they could command : ''Uncle J foodie, L'uele Jhtotlle, Uncle Doodle buyr 1 looked 011 in astonishment, for 1 could see nothing but hard-baked earth. There seem not a living thing visible rbut the children kept up their chaut some three or four minutes, when I noticed the ground becan to heave in little spots and tiny- heads peeped out, soon followed by half or the whole body of a dirt colored bet tie. When the children stopped singing the little thiugs scampered back into their holes. This struck me as very singular. But then we are constantly meeting with strange things in bngdom. Ic is like fairy land if we only became interested. There are many, many kinds of beetles called coleopterous insects, because they have wiug cast s ; that is, they have shells or cases on their backs, under which they hold their wings, some kiuds using them so very seldom that we would uever know that they hand wings. A great many live under the ground, aud others on tlKs trees, Mowers and grain. Indeed, there is scarce a place where you may not find them All of you know that the ugly cater pillar becomes a butterfly, but some of you may not know that nearly every worm you can find, turns out some day to be a creature with wings. Almost every cUiM who has lived in tl;o country ha noticed, and perhaps been very much amused with the Rill Chafer, or tumble bng, as we call it here ' in New Jersey. How they seem to be ' playing with marbles right in the mid dle of the road on hot, dusty days ! How they push and tumble, and get their jackets dusty in their efforts! Sometimes it takes two or three beetles to roll their ball up an elevation, or over some impe dement in the way. ' Did you never wonder what , nil such work meaut, or did you suppose it was just the way those bugs have of amusiug themselves f I can-remember when I thought so myself. But after I became older I began to wonder where the bugs got the balls, what they were going to do with them. I have since found it out. And it is all very interesting. " They, make itulU out of the excretion's of animals, iu which they dejksit an egg, leaving it.in the sou until it is baked al most as hard as a marble ; then begins their work. They toil and struggle until they get the balls three feet under ground. Then the little one is left in its spherical home from early September until the next spring, as warm and cosy as you please, growing larger and larger until it bursts from its shell, a little worm with six legs, and creeps up to the surface of the ground or, as some say, they remain in the balls until they become chrysalids, and come out beetles or tumble bugs, ready to le giu tumbling and pushing like their mothers before them. A. E. C. Ander son, in April Wide Awake. WOMEN MAKING LOVE. Many young women write tons, asking for instructions as to how they shall win men for whom they have conceived an af fection, but who show no responsive feel ing. A'. 1. 6'mh. There are foolish people in all parts of j the world, but the above is so utterly at variance with any knowledge or observa tion of ours, that we have no hesitation in denying for Western North Carolina women any part in the indelicate folly in dicated above. Most likely those who write to the Snn for "instructions," &c, belong to the Irish servant class of the city of New York, aud not to the coun try. News from the 7th congressional dis trict indicates that Arm field will get the nomination for Congress overRobbins. We don't believe the change will benefit anybody but Armfield. Daridnon Jieeord. Chief Justice Smith and Col. John II. Dillard are both member of the Presbyte rian Church. SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANY. CATALIW WOOD. A little over half a century ago General Wm. Henry Harrison, in an agricultural address delivered in Ohio, recommended farmers to cultivate the catalpa because of the great durability of its w ood w hen used for fence posts, etc. He was led to give this advice from having found iu au old French stockade at Vincennes, while he was Governor of the then Northwest Territory, pickets of catalpa wood which were yet perfectly sound, although they must have existed iu place for more than a century. Lately this tree has become an object of a great deal of attention on the part of arboriculturists, principally 011 account of the testimony of Dr. Warder and Mr. E. E. Barney and a few others, as to the value of its timber. The catalpa (Catalpa hitnonoides), al though quite extensively cultivated as an ornamental tree in the Middlo and East ern States, is a native of the South and Southwest, having its northern limit in Southern Illinois and Indiana. This tree does not acquire a very large size iu the streets, parks, and suburbs of our North ern cities, nor in such situations i it often shapely; but in its native Southern and Western home it is straight and handsome, aud often attains a height of fifty feet, with a trunk diameter of three feet or more. The foliage consists of large heart shaped, long petiolcd leaves of a peculiar shade of green, and having a silky luster. The blossoms iu great profusion in June, and is then especially ornamental. The flowers, disposed in large showy panicles, are about an inch long, bell-shaped, with a five lobed, wavy border, anil arc white, spotted internally with ellow and violet. The flowers are succeeded by slender, cyl indrical, dark brown pods, often a foot long, which hang until spring. 'These pods are divided lengthwise into two cells, which are lilled with flat seeds having cottony wings. When perfectly ripe and dry, the capsules arc often used as cigars bv boys (the cottony contents readily burn ing and producing much smoke), aud are hence familiarly known as ''smoking beans." Mr. E. E. Barney, the veteran car bn.il der of Dayton, Ohio, has recently brought together all the fact and observations iu his possession touching the economic val ue of this tree, and published them in pamphlet form. From this we learn that there are two marked varieties of the ca talpa, one blooming two weeks earlier than the other. The blossoms of the ear ly bloomer are larger, more profuse, and less tinged with purple pods longer aud finer - the bark dark colored and furrow - ! rambling the bark of elm and locust 1 trees of the same age. The bark of the late bloomer is laminated. sm and light colored! Th crly va- and Z: !S f "T!.rap,d.firow.rt-' nud Kfood, wlment. ami .helterare ' Mnuguier auu xaiier, aud Has been found ; to endure a winter that killed the other. Mr. S. H. Biukley has on his farm, sever al miles from Dayton, a grove of six hun dred catalpa trees, of the late blooming variety, planted from seed twelve years ago. They are now from 25 to 30 feet tall and from 4 to 8 inches in diameter at the ground. They would now make twenty five hundred fence posts. Eighteen years ago, while repairing a fence, Mr. Binkley, lacking a few stakes, trimmed up some catalpa limbs, three or four inches in di ameter, aud used them for stakes, think ing they might last one season. A recent examination of these stakes, which, have beeu in the ground for eighteen y ears, has shown them to be perfectly sound. Tlie valueable qualities of the tree, to sum up the evidence presented by Mr. Barney, are: Its easy and rapid growth in almost any kind of soil, freedom from the attack of insects, aud the great value of its tim ber as regards its durability either iu the earth or exposed to the air. The princi pal demand for the timber will be fori ait road ties ; for this purpose wood should be durable when exposed to the weather, and neither too soft to resist crushing weight on the rails nor too hard to hold the spikes properly. These qualites, Mr. Barney as serts, are found combind. in the catalpa. Iu addition to its durability, catalpa pos sesses qualities that render it one of the finest of woods for inside finish and cabi net work, inasmuch as it has a beautiful tine grain, of a warm yellow color, and is susceptible of a high polish. Mr. Barney's pamphlet is published for the purpose of disseminating knowledge a to the value of the tree and to promote ii cultivation. The author estimates that at present prices a plantation of catalpa will yield a return of -$25 per acre for each year of the time during which the trees occupy the ground. Mr. S. Foster, a horticulturist of Iowa, thinks tlyit the common (or late flowering) variety can not be depended upon north of St. Louis, while the early bloomer has endured the severest winters of the Western States w ithout injury. FENCE ECONOMY. Dr. Franklin B. Hough, in his recently issued "Keport upon Forestry," prepared under the direction of tho Commissioner of Agriculture, says that according to re cent estimates the cost of the fences in the United States amounts to 1,700,000,000, and the annual expense of maintenance is $108,000,000, excluding interest at (J per cent, on the original cost. We confess to never having had much faith in the accuracy of big-figured statistics of this sort, for the reason in this case that we fail to see exactly how they are reached. Perh a j is to take the totals representing one State would be to convey a better idea, and these are furnished by the Maine Board of Agriculture, which fix the total length of fences in that State at between 127,000 and 131,000 miles. The first cost is reckoned at 81 per rod, and the interest on this sum, with repairs, etc., conies to about u000, KM) per" annum. This ex cludes the value of the land covered by the fence itself, which at $30 per acre is worth $975,! WJ. With some notions of the large sums in vested iu fences thus attained, it is not at all difficult to realize the importance of the statement quoted by the author, to the effect that "from one-quarter to one-eighth of the present fences of the country would be amply sufficient to keep stock within limits fwircMllv sin(i it mi'iear i""P' """"'i ,7 "i i that we are wasting money through a wrong appreciation of the use of fences w hich any one so far as he is personally concerned, can remedy for himself. The question is: Arc we to fence to kee? cattle out of fields where they an not wanted, or iu fields where they are .' The geueral rule is to do the first : but just here, D. Hough says7 we are doing exactly wrong, and hence by simply changing our practice the way to economy is open. It is very much cheaper to fence the adjacent lots of a large field than it is to fence each lot separately. Supposing, for instance, an area of one square mile be divided into font KJO acre lots. These, if adjacent, would require 1,020 rods offence. If separate fences were erected about each lot, then the length of fence would lw 2, 50') rods. Supposing the number of fields to be 04. of 10 acres each, if adjacent, 5.75 ) rods of fencing would be needed ; separat" fences would require 10,240 rols, aad here there would be a saving of seven rods of fence per acre ; that is at $1 per rod, 7 per acre, or oa the entire urea the neat sum of $4,3i0. The difference is saved by ,1... ....w. unlxlivision f uies nnsweriir' MIL DOio - - - -. for the adjacent fields. ! the outrageous custom originated in Kng- j land about three hundred year ag', as a The South as a Field for Manufactures. . means of displaying tb F.nglish '-enat-of- Iu a speech on the Texas Faeitic Uail- amis." He argues that tiie borse without way, Senator Lamar lately dwelt at gieat , them w ill endure more hardships and re length ou the natural advantages o. the 1 quire less fo.nl tiuiu with them: that lie i South for suscessful manufacturing. Eve-j less liable to Iwcome ..frightened; that ry condition of soil, climate, and raw ma- j blinders, irritating the eyes, cause tj tcriid for the development of a great in - , hote in many instance to become btiii-l. dustriai community are there. The South' 1 that in backing or turning around he w:M has already begun her industries of the ' step or stumble over things that he would future, and the profits tint are reili. -d : doubtless avoid, if hi sight was not coo , . t fi'o-d hv Minders..' One horse ear compa- from them are, 111 some instances, pro..!- ,,-,Ju..,' , . . ,. . , ' lk " ' . 1 ; nv t .'lo.-toij ha c, r .n c.t bliudcia tioin gious. But to develop th-se industries, ,,,.;,. mrM. and it is cUiuied that bUtceu she must have fice access to the markets i,0:ses without blinder do th" w. k of the world, aud be able to attract toner- of twenty with b'imlcis. .ruhcnthn. ; And taxation i . :.... .......... " uuruensome. In everything except capi tal, skill, and exieriejicet the manufactu rers of the South are on ,,n equalitv v it h those of England, and tha saving iu bal ing, waste, and transportation gives tho South great advantages. Nowhere in the world can cotton be manufactured so cheaply as on the spot where it is grown, where water power is so abundant and unfailing; and every factory set up there will help 0 develop the 'diversities k Southern agriculture lTro " cotton crop List year amounted to 4,700,000 bales f yet the Southern States have but a small part of their cotton laud. under cultivation. Prorjreoit in Hard 77Hf..-N,twithsian. ding-the times, it is jfbuhtful if the coun try ever made greater or more rapid prog ress in substantial wealth 1h.n1 during the past seven years. From a ('omparison of the statistics of tho cen-oi' H70 wit'; those furnished by tho Bureau of Agricul ture for H77, it appear , that there were 31,000,000 more acres of land under culti vation last year than iu 170, an increase of 34 per cent. The percentag: of iacreaso iu ti ie number of bushels of corn produce.! was '22 i ; of wheat, 5',' ; of i ye, 4t; of b i -ley. ;i5 : i:i tons of hay. ')! ; and iu poumU of tobaveo, !M per cent. The live stock over the aggregate of 1870 was, horses4 ! per -cent ; mules, 45 ; cow s. "jt ; oxeirnud other cattle, 29; sheep.Tl; swine 23 per cent: Toe aggreg lie iarn af.e in tl e nnr.. ber of live animal." amoa-.te ! to a!otit 25,000,000 head. The excess of the grain crop of 1577 over that of 1?70 was neariy 550,1)00.000 bushcls. Our exports for the y ar ending June JiO, 1 77, exclusive of gold and oilverT amounted to SM,),-0-0. 1 , The Influence oJhiv Mill. A siuglo woolen mill iu the city of Lawrence pro duces every week a million yards of dyed or printed cloths. It pays s 100,000 a week as wages. It employs 5,-")0 persons, pay ing them at au average rate of 05 cents a day to women aud, girls, and $1.40 a d;Ty to men; It consumes 500 tons of starch, and expends 400,000 for printing aud dveing materials-every vear. Thowo:d it requires calls for the fleeces of 10,4)00 head of sheep. It secures food, clothing, and usually respectable savings to 5,'iOO persons and their dependeuts-r-not less than 10,0iW souls altogether. This, with the freights paid for transportation ofifs materials aud products, shows what one mill contributes to the wealth, power and prosperity of the country. The woolen industry of the w hole country amounts to more than 200,0: )0,K)0a year. There are -nearly a thousand woolen mills in Ohio and other Western States. -Alilericaj'i Workmanship. fn the com so of a description of a visit to.,the French war vessel, the liichelieu, a foreign corres pondent remarks that it seems impossible for one tfi go anywhere without some spe cimen of American ingenuity cropping up; accordingly, on the quarter deck of tho liichelieu was a Gatliug gun lieside a mit railleuse. It is astonishing, the corres pondent adds, how7 tateful Americans are in everything relating to machinery. Tho Gatling, beside the dull, heavy, somlwr French piece, looked like a bit of jewelry, its steel and brass Hashing -like gold ami silver i:i the bright sunlight of the Medit erranean. And this is more noteworthy ' lH-c.mu the- F reach have a decided bent ; toward decoration, and generally male things look as ell a's possible. A WIN TEK I'EACH. The Petersburg (Va.) Unral Mcxsfit'jrr I thus describes this fruit, which it says originated with Mr. James Hawkins, of Dinwiddic. Va., bef.-rethe war,and which is called the "Hawkins Winter Peach." That gentleman has-bad fov -toe ycas trees in full Ix-ai ing : "The fruit doe not '"' Jn Trnip u until the leaves have fallen h-nu the trees in November; is no way injured by th-- se vere frosts of that season, and haugs. on the trees until it assumes 'a beautiful red cheek. When ripe they may be picked and put away to be carried'. to market at leisure say any time iu November or eat ly P ember, The fruit is large, (the ti:-t iin j.oi taut item in a market -'peach:) coim whitish, with led cheek; flesh" whit ish, 1 i'li, juicy, and pleasant. It will keep far into December without rotting. It can be handled plenty much theanso as apples." BLINDEUS ON imRs!: Samuel Page, of llo-ton, ban influenced manv of late to remove the blinders, from tlie undies, or t heir horses, lie says . .... .... that