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. , fromlheFederal Republican
i- .i, . '
; ' CPNGRESS,
ffnr.sk OF liEPAESEjYTJTIVES
" MONDAY December 14 - ;
Ikt Report tyf the Committee relative, to. Re
the! secretary of the treasury, be vested ni
mm oy iaw. Air. aiavtnar ne-conies-
sea, mat on tne vtirsj raaingioi tne, star-,
ute being uDdehtherinfluence'oF the opin ion
thus uncd uiyocally!expreased): by; the
secretary, and riot ; at on ce ;.. perceiving hov:
the terms'of l;iwha3 bee'rf wrested to the
purposes of official construction ' he yielded
a momentaryand'Hiuctarit sent tothV
claim of the secretary. v Hecoileetingv
however, . whatsa fascinating thing absolute
power is, and hew little implicit faith any
manv has a right to claim, in a case where
the degree of his partv is dependent upon
his own construction ; recollecting also;1
tne cnaracter oirtne jnen. wno '-in.tne.yejtr
' la fromtjie Penalties ucurrtd tiit'Sun- seventeen hundred and ninety seven, when
'"'dr-$lerciiahtii in, the Jafe Importation (thp law:iljquestio-:wa --- passed hati
U British Marttjacturisn $ing. , uqder j t reins of PpweVi he bdran: to doubt of
' ftiipritrim ' r -M me conscrucuon, ,ancr set nitiise! careiuiir
MR. QUINCY (of Massachusetts)
iatti . that in lis te n m g . to the debate what
. , i . xu :ui..
impresseo...uu, uiemo-.u.wu., j foundetL He 4aid, whit Ytien. whoat the
rs. tfte ..mpucuy tne- question.,;-ae wh thb u w Pissed
to investigate onvw hat grounds this 'arbitral
rv -dlscretidn thus obtrusively asserted by
the-; secretary asf existing1 in i himselff was
v .8 It ss surprised at the arguments which
Vere urged, than thaahy: argument Yas
necessary. A mere statement t)f the case, he
jhoul l have thoughtvould 'have settled the
qaeAtion. Twenty millions ot dollars were
ta.d to bo forfeited, to the United States,
feu amount qual to one third b'fthe - whole
; jiatvonal debt; KThia sum wSa all edged to
be din?,'- fromf comparatively" ,a small class(
"cl Inea, in particular sections ' of the coun
,trv in the citie arid onl' the sea-board.
h It vjus distributed amoflg the individuals
of that classy, m; various proportions. To
very;bne of themV the amount cXmanded
i js material. The greateV part of the for
itunes ol some, is at sjtake other it is
simple quvstior o.'iosiserityvorttuu
fnc priucipiesVrisinf! Qtitof thei case and
connected with the; decisicnV are, in - their
iiature so complicated, and delicate', that
$Cxtrielv two Inen pah? be found on the floor
1 congress, who can agree, by :. what scale j
rerois'.ion ab?.ll be?' graduated : ifemirted,
-tali. A rase.otoi tms magnitad,iso
.Ttvort ant to ihepu6liG;'JKocrttcalUo'';tHt-'
I tl vidtiah, sildtibious in pint of-jpriaci-p
r. ann j( conq rntiafi in sectional a -1;
v m nd interest it is seriouslyontendejdi
e!t-iili )e relerrtd tof the decision of a Vin -iduulrthatioTie,
man shoufd be
i -vcstefH witn" the fawer"to deefde thV-fatesr
ft nudutuc3 pihtk tellowciti8iis-and
t-Vee richrsor poyertv, not by any t known-
r i or Knua.r out, accoroing to nis ao
t Kite will-arid discretion'! Such istHe
f&iv.tr seriously contended for; int a un
ti'j falling itself free by inen who pretend
'to' linderstand-.the.- nature bf " civiL liberty,
f i ml to venerate 'ita principles I k;- l I
v4r..sQ sid,vtHat the, nature of "the
.sttionvanot-Tnore.astomshlflgthan'
t-main reason" urged in its support And
' UMs WaVrtHaltheecTetarv xf the., treasury
piS5t s&e(l thTs' power alreadv thUt the law
'e w placed Kh in uts1' hands. 1 As if the
gre a tn tss -s o f a po we r ami its exc e e d i n g
'.'the trusty which ?everyx one man ought i to;
f tOiess'ann jts irreconcueaojeness wun'tne
clause relates to the penalty incurred.
second to the prosecution commenced .
..As, to the first clause, relative tothe pe
naity , 'fine torforfeiture incurred; -.'far
from vesting, an ; unlimited discretionary
power, it vests,trictly; speaking, no dis
cretion whateyer'i'Ittis;int& poyeir tct
alitigate,-remit, ; or removeaccording to'
i Stated and .specified: statute standard.
This authoritysto exercise his judgement
jipon the circumstances of the case, touch
ing the; existence or'non existence of either
two particulars stated in the statute, 1
wilful negligencef or fraud. If neither ex'
ist, he has he-, power to remit. IteitheV,
exist, but in ii partial de'e, he' ias the
power ta;graduate the penalty; ;fi e or for
ieiture to the degrev:of gUih. Andb)S is
nr wnoie powerresuiting trom this
Th head arthe treiisury js a mere
nal to decide, whether thV statutei
has been incurred pr any part of it
according ;that- judgment to gradual
;Thc ;When:the statuti i 'considcVedf it wfrl!j.
I easily be seen whaare the means byi vrfiicb a -:; ;
n!inl rbiydiscretion; WivWild
he asserts m his, letter tothe cdmmiJtVeirf I
It is by confouritjing wfcat is istiiict; a3
tJy arsVrtf,-4ji-!
otjtreasury margm, he consolidates both ?Hi
clauses; of the statute into pneV nd "attacn'lV,
es tbc power of annexing terms aiirJ conV t V47i
ditionrwhich he shajrdeemreaso.bkndi S&F
just, to the -clause whict has reiatUm i$J$xV
5 PalL5ns5 restricting -it ttnd I
clause'xhJch. has relation to the proved- s&w
TO-, fbis may be -tyerb'ppv consttuc7vV?
tion fdrthtreasqrvbutitis a.vervilflim.' & tii,'
ousone;46r the citizen. At least so "if!'
Hie1i;wproye-iufiging by thco'roposiiiptt':- 1 1
clause jinow under consia ration. v v -
. tribu- ! V, If anVoneasks why tKeae'DOwera are r . Iv i;
guilt i he Ctinstrued Ma though d .ktinct and suhsWpi I
Jand.tive,; instead of amalgam 'ted and cons
e the i dated, I answers on - four blab and iiiitrl ' ?AU
presided tyejr the construction of 9'ur laws',
were not only learned and'able menahd
true lovers of ; their -coun try; : but they w ere
men i also decpiv, versed in the principles oi
civil liberty ; - they were natives of the a il,;
and had not oeen educated-in' the 'ar'hitrav:
doctrines of the civil law, butliatl draok-iiii
tKe. essential principles' of -tlie iocienr'SaXv
on common, law, m it were with their mb
therms milk. Such rhin were not likely to
grant so enormous a power, by anvgeheral
FoihaS reason failed them; invaase, of
this nature, insjtic ct vould havecome; to
their a-d Hetdelermiiied, therefore, to
investigate xthbV-ues'tiQn,' aloqf frpnr the
prejudices which the assertion of the sec
vetanT off the treasuryvand the; corrobora
tive opinion of the committee 6f ways and
aniifie, whdt-werethqse ' essentia) prioci
pies of civil liberty' which -Tay, as it werev
at the base of ail st tiues of this kind, aild
wuicn were inttnir jnaxufe 'Acrpreoomiant
Vnd inherent; thatf rip trieTud -oFireedoAi
eouljd possibly forget themwhentffkming
such.a statute. J -A $ . i. ' - .
yXftlr. Q.Vaid that ; on 'turning tHis sub
ject in hliitnim(j,; he had formed two prin-
cipies or tne nature wtiictilie-ouiit. 1 he
rst:was,-Ti ht THii fWiocf xt should:
NEVER BE CONroUhrJEO .WlJ aVGDTL -
TT-" 'Of coh.-tque4ice,' that "the law:: must
have beeb intended;1 to htjtq ioiistrutted"
ashatasfar as possible, the former should
always. escape, nd the latter shciuld al wavs
be 7punihe;d- TlffeV second wjisi Fa at
THE OlIlF.tlT-OF TltlS PENALTY. WAS 'ONLY
fine penattv or forfeiture;4 If there he no , grounds Theierms ofjthe iaw-itJie : 1
guilt, his power of mitigation, that is ovp?licy of thet lawthe nature of tlje thilifj , i
.a , . u vuu t 4 iDUUl titac ' tfc : wv tv vvqwui9USUi PriUClOICS ' )l -CiVll IUtfc,s V
cannot be exercisetf,-ThVsingle autho C; ; t : t 1
he has, is cremigaltogetHefr He has is o Fhe terms of the law are-select' and ap
more.rightvto talk of ufirqfif? or ; frb propnate rhqse iopnected,wh . the'f , rf .
pr&Gu" or " 'eauivdtentjff'or to intimate mission or mitigationr nP whole orin par 1 '5f
boqor'f loatisV' as the grputidsof remis- pstf : only give hq power but limit thex,-' -ifev .
sion than he has to decree rhe whole pena- - ercispf Jt;jby lanexpressatatme standard. i i
ty. in hWown pocket for his' private' use. He is. to do the' one qr the otfo, cora-. 15 4
Thekplain purpose of the law is? that guilt ing totbc ri"ohexrstence;QV q V'iJi!
should suffer, . and that innocence should '..existence" df ioilfiki heglig&ci Tor intern H U;
escapeV. And by guilt, and (innocence,, is tion of fraud? ThbconnectcwitH tho 0 h
only meant statute guilt, 'or Vptutec iniio ''cansinthe: prosecutidn?tqceaaerare equall
cence, Whatever is eithe Wilful negU- .pre . 'vffi
gence or fraud is statnte guiltt' . Whatever . ana codditiopssucn as'jhe,n4y vdeem reaf ; 1 1 1 '
isneither.one norrthe either is innqcenc. sbableandj.ustelates tpthat bbjectthc ;i
It is easy to see how perfectly reconciled , causing .of thelproaecution to cease) anj '
ble khia is to .: the .established pnqciplea ofnothine: ZW &" ; . 'I1
civil , liberty Instead 'of a sharp sented . 'The policy otlie laVis not less corroi
statesman ihyestd witfaVther powers to borative off;thiscpnstru9Uont It is re- ' ift:
hunt among finespenalties andForfeitures medial statue as such itmiist be chstruy !-i
for the ways anci "means of the treasuryi . c liberally ; Its pplicv isv to suffer all'the "
we find onlva benignant and wisely con-'- inaojceut,)and-none of '."the ' c-iiilt w tVel t '0! :nV
tifuted tribunal, ;virith pbwer-to judge ,u- cape , For this i purjwse it'.hassci- Up V"f,'lH
on tne circumsunces lne case,now tar statute sunaarq; ov wmcn the; secretary. r rtri
any statute guilt , has C been incurred,' and to decide, who js innocent, knd the ileVrco c r i1"t
cettled principles on uwhich'pU blic safety 'J
in free csur.tfy depends, wVreinbt'cgnoiuf
civc, - tuner uiai no urirpiwcr everj.-was
Invented, brthat the Jpossesor bought to
be deprived df it-
1 . .
cafery branch of the'kw, and never ie peri
a,, discretion -invested m tnv.heaU ot the mitiganngana remitting. ;io the d.crcd .r ; i
treasury. '1 Uut.it is a discretion extremely f statute guilt whicr) a man has incurs d, 4 v
limitedin.i:a nature urisinir out of tltfe nei 'ihe sec'reuryis hiorailv: ound to" pmu'shi ' - vl i '
cessity ofhc case; extendinsronlv
suoordinate considerations and in
t f " ; "v 'pui puses oi ine, ways 'ana j
means- of the'treas'nrv-' WHpn-hrm1
of the statute,-uhder consideration f trere
considered, tn xefetence to thesepHneiplfes;
:fl
as;to its tju ccSslctioVvanisrii
ed.The character o father framefr.bf fern
law wajr indicated. No ucrTl power ; as
M r Q. then proceeded to v iBVeStiifate
til- Eftnraf powers veted - m the secretary
" o the treasury for the mitigation 'or re- :
hat denirrtmenti
ftftRsecretsirKfiail ait'edWn his letter LtcY
I rw commute ot wavis-and me.us. Iri tms
' r, tHeecfetarvacshsthaV-r
iji'ftaxtzi andohfstwAteU and daidi
k- Mwsav-pujif be deemrd;reas8'natle;qna
Vt 'treaSmdt i&t this
Aiteiscetidn inejation tfesub
Ject matter" A3iscreiioV witHotit !limtti'
: t? princTple, qimeasure;;ot c..trpiil,;ch
1$$. o'f decision.Sexceptil ihexsoverein ,JwilL'
1 easurepf zis individualpbssessing
. f or: ne wno an. no in reianon to any
Itorhjrj
P?tt,7and lix.such'termif and conditicsris. as
ptfem respontsibleTand:iut has us nb
- 3EC
eartcanldesire; An if bvlinV.tTene-
power oe invested in anyvpcr-
"iV uever,-wcj uavcnoiraucuiu ooasi
Whir
pte an authnntvv in: that matt2t"0r thins:
wiidombr
'Hine (reectom c our land. , 4-:C s
f "e question tnen is, 'vhtnerthisr-Ti"
xnat asserteaw tne secretai:vjsi the treasu
ry m'refatidn: to the subject'the' penaU
Ueilwasrvesfcd iofhimf On thexontrary
the real grant of power was pre cise hmi
ted, and . perfectly consistent ;rwitb ithe
prirfbipres of 'civil Jibrivis;-hji fcfr
The law contained two clauses Vwhicri
'm,pVeKended; all thefpoVersVifrtie ' 'to
tnissuqiect,- vested in tne -secretary oi tne
treaaurvi A The"v Words ''are 7 theses - ;AtteK
tcr verv 1 out wnen pr mis aerreetnere i nofii ' . m l
mcex ,cu muiauv ouuuu w acquit;, vi; vtwnntt .tv.I.
erciseof which $here isitder or no temp- and conditions') there-'isao- a&ev frV1
tatipn to i abuse.- z It .relates only i5 the rwf For guilt mun be,, punished according toA. A'.
and condition oA'whkh' hehay direct';thelt3 degree; and -innonce mist csc&peiv' r
prosecution to ceasWl These he is permit . Now the law-permtsii or coii, j
jutr ViaX such a puwefis 'necessary ; is! eqWya cohfounciiag ;
4! ri?ausel though theVinnoceht themwithnhe.gui policvit . f j ,
jiasa right to? befree frrm'ifie, imputation "l9Jtheel? 't )l
ndpenaitrtf of :u!tj Vet the cpsisiW ;ex- gofreeanunspoti according to nfie7:4;?'':
pences.whicK iiave isa loss pinnate purity:; r ( ; - - rV " p"-Jfj!:1
vhicS must fall somewHt-re; --Trie' nature. The nature of the tKing shows also; tiWvl
of things has thrown it upon himandtno the 'power, of -annexing, such if terms acj-' ;
prmcip.ofjastice.icm transfer'titta ano-; : conditions aahe. may - deem reasona6icK i liu
therifc'theTVdiscreVionaiV pbVeriere0'" andjusti" exclusively belon WW me orl 1
qrt Ven ist iia tW nature of thingsextrem er of xeaUsitfg the ; proseeutibn tot ce N , 1 f
lvJinitedi andxteikl$ onfv to those parti- FdnTtTomih thi j
QUlars whiohiare incident thepro$ect - question 'Concerning:, causing the proeai i i 1
ftoti to costtrj expeicest and .sometimes tidn tq;cfcase,' la subordinate, in po toF,-:
cpnlpeuaation to custm'toase olficers o. importance; aitdiecpniJary. ln-rpbAtir y - Y, hi
services rendered; Either in the?r seizure i-lJme, to the question concerning Aitiga
oc in.tbr carelqf the property; --It isphv; ingory,reniutmg, the penalty.' FoTWheAnr Is (,
rour, atotharmefxaimg.suc therihe dwision'ofthef secretary,
tipn the danger, oahuse is limited, i ot on-.oCXparfonot - !h
rovm,,theccircumscTibed .naiure of ?the rvVpower ja m the same state. yV"
sphereVCbut tfronihe; eiriuhlstance?' in thus far done itsfr wpxk;The vdmeot "ZAtZi
win vt K(uu.' xxe Jiaa na omciai rcaiiL or innocence ls-acertainea. r s ?
penalty js .remitted, ror-graduated, i hd- ri
onlyrentainmgpreTogatr j
ryUrefateaMo -r the prosecution; iere he . i w 1 ;
possesses -cthev dlcfetton;, befpw aoticefif i V
i uuc.it is a, pqwej'wniciu ; irDmnenamrcyv -,:, I
of,ther)thihg,f.cannutTethi-aH
again ion pcumcceir. Eollt Info iewJ .ThatC 2
Juf there -.lira. JtrcWe.'argufiaentHh-ij J
these. ; . resulting frc: tne esublisliec33
Qectionkwrthguil; ortinnocencei-?:It is 'ture Oftnatj-proudonsciousnessvi WhicUvf;v
rnerelj: tssccrtaimng4he inevitables lossV freemeri feeFaipd iignt'to acknowledge 5 vit
whieh;hem tiJt bear;, bji'whb'ia the bolt of and ot.what dffisiiCcorop6st;tlWha -Heaveixrxds':fallen.:
-HompenViUo whicfieacli ifcVi'.
decfecd,Kit ifdrtheJcustbm;'fabde-ojfii tvidualljQipiredA 1U7'' '
and not theJtreusury Jjlt.is-delcreed not a berty naroperty:subject only;rto, kcowo a
a part.of:, the: penalty for, that ir incurred laws,', and aloof trom the vilb)f r.ny indii . xi'
onlvMtf cOrisequsnce of 'gottv whicHfisid Vidiiat; 3o longshe7is'innocenthe '$zz
tnx- c-2e,ou,i pi tne question. ;oui isaecreea no', compromise, itFir.ace, no-tquiyri'4nt to .
only cjaf part cf that inevitableVlbss : whic' j olfefnotfuckH i.:f; He,' c " c '
souiH-ohe :vict tjjrr 'd cr ".ouri Sl hVsrv!." - 'psrlty,: or forfeitr:
... - . v-,.. .uli .-m I 1...
'V z orjy.cnaityiiorrjovesw
.11
rche;samemiml,have heen'jncufred ivtth
V'Jraud liiJtie Jters9rfr.perons incurring
:. bnF sHalljCaie betnjfnhifutedfor hteqqz '
vtthereofto cekf?add ' oeidiicatftnued
lupQn-fuckttrms cfconditionh a he may
tFr6m;the; claaien-toe statutelf frotn"
. nyv the secretary -oj thV trdSuryfdertves
that unlimited 'discretion, which he assert
mnis .tstter io.ui3,coramntcc ot ways and
means, to be.'-, vected ir; his: department,
N'oVjth'ese -clauses arerjdistintf rthd sub-
stdntivehavin"; relation to'twcribGiects,
Inducement to abuse; his; p6 wei-vi: Therjar-
are distinct notorious, Jand easily 'to -' be
aafcertamed and as . to .compensation', due I
H"'niit rifrtrarrl tr'Vn irirlHrnifiVirtftri nf i mhVt'KiKfoW-. i,,J, vrtWtri T rf I -
ierence :Witb theestabushed rprinciples- of tX
lciyilliberty;The:auesUcmrelat caili fall