Newspapers / The Chatham Record (Pittsboro, … / Feb. 20, 1879, edition 1 / Page 4
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In-Door Work. Now that the weather is too cold for out-door work, I will make a few sug gestions about the manufacture of certain articles which can be made in doors and are almost indispensable on a fanr. Grain Troughs for Sheep. There arc many ways of making these, but they are best constructed so that they may be evolved. Double boxes may be made by t imply nailing three boards together, two of them seven and one four inches wide. Set the narrow board upon one edge, lay the surface of one of the wide ones upon it, and nail it iirmly down through the centre of the wide into the edge of the narrow one; then turn the narrow board upside-down and nail on the other wide board iu the same way, and you have a good double trough. On the ends of this nail pieces of board fifteen inches long and twelve inches wide, and you have an invertible grain trough, lie careful that the pieces are nailed so that the ends of the trough will be exactly in the centre ot the end boards. A Pig Trough. Take two loards as long and as wide as desirable, one inch or more thick; let one of the boards be just the thickness of the other.narrower than it; for instance, if inch boards, have one pcven and the other eight inches wide. Nail the two boards to gether in the shape of the U tter V the bide of the wide one on the edge of the narrow. Saw the ends off evenlv and to them nail, crosswise, boards of the same width extending down to the ground, so as to prevent the whole from being easily upset. WhijfUtnes. Farm wliiflletrats should be made about thirty inches long. Hickory is the best timber for the pur pose, although good ones may be made of tough oak and ash. If of good tim ber, 14 inches thick by 2h inches broad in the centre, they will be heavy enough to stand the strain of one horse. Make the ends according to the irons. If small at the ends, their appearance is improved and the strength is not very much lessened. Doubletrees, These should be of first-quality oak, 2 inches thick and about 41 inches wide in the centre and 'Mi at the ends, to be of good propor tion. For the clevis pin, a strong, tlat staple should be inserted in the centre and on the side next to where the whif nY trees are fastened. This is better than making a hole through the timber, as it i6 much stronger. Field llarroics.Yor thiity teeth make the harrow in two sections having three pieces of timber in each, two of them five feet long and one live feet six inches for the centre Bore the holes for the teeth thirteen inches apart, which will bring the outside ones four inches from the ends. The sections should be two feet lour inches wide. When a lighter harrow is desired, make the sections two feet wide; cut the timbers four feet eight inches for the outside bars, and "five feet two inches for the centre teeth twelve inches apart liural Xew Toiler. Large or Small Farms. Among the questions frequently dis cussed at agricultural meetings and in the papers, is that of the comparative profits of large and small farms. It is a discussion equivalent to the canvass ing, iu a commercial assemblage, of the relative profitableness of a small or large store; or, among manufacturers, of the com arative advantages of a fac tory on a large or small scale. There cau be no doubt that men have accu mulated considerable wealth from a small commercial busirues, or by a manufacturing industry conducted on a moderate scale and also by the til luge of small areas of land. Industry and economy, conjoined with business aj aeity and a good acquaintance with the work in hand, will in time usually secure a competency in any avocation, lly slowly laying dollar to dollar, witha shrtwdiuvettmenttf profits, a man can make himself independent, and even rich, doing but a very moderate busi ness all the time. For the majority of mankind this is the safest, and indeed the only practi cable method. Out of a thousand men but very few have the natural capacity or the acquired ability to conduct any business successfully on a large scale. Napoleon declared that there were only two men in Europe who could handle an army of 100,000 men. A similar rule applies to every branch of human endeavor. And one of the chief ele ments of success is to know one's self sufficiently well not to undertake more than can be successfully carried out. This applies as well to farming as to every other business. But farming has never yet been a legitimate business in America. Land has been too abundant for that, as well as too rich with the accumulated fer tility of ages. So far, we may say that there has been but little real farm ing done on this whole continent. When it comes to true farming and it is now beginning to come to that in the older States it will be necessary that a man calling himself a iarmer should know something about his busi ness, and be, to that extent, a business man. As a business man his capacity for business will regulate the amount of business he ill be competent to do. That, and the amount of capital he can control, wilUettle his status, whether as a large or small farmer. And as farming is more and more conducted on business principles, the business of farming will divide itself into different classes. It will then become like other businesses, and as in trade there is a place for the large merchant and the small tradesman, so in farming there will be large and small farms, and all profitable in proportion to the capi tal and labor intelligently expended upon them for the production of sale able crops. When agricultural business is thus organized, it will be found, in many cases, that the area of land under til lage will not so much determine the profits as the amount of labor, capital and skill laid out in order to force the soil to its highest productive capacity. This, united with knowledge of the kinds of crops that are most suited to the market, an ability to forecast probable demands and prices, and a fchrewdness in taking advantage of sudden turns of the market, will be the prime factors of success or of fail ure. Near large cities, or in places where prompt and ready transportation to large markets is obtainable, it may hap pen that a large force of men can pro fitably be employed on a fewr acres, the sales of products running up to tens of thousands of dollar3 annually. In this way a large business can be done on a small farm. It is now so done in many instances, and fortunes are acquired by skillful men from the tillage of five and ten-acre farms. As competition be comes closer and closer, only very skill ful men, with large cash capital, can run even such ''little" farms success fully. Hut as yet there are many op portunities for intelligent young men bf small means to "grow up" into such a business more opportunities, we should say, than there are men able and willing to take advantage of them. But besides there "small farms" run at a high pressure for the production of fine perishable fruits and choice vegetables, flowers, trees, plants, etc., etc., there must also be farms of greater area for the production of breadstuffs, meat, milk and milk-products, wool, cotton, etc. Here also, as the pressure of competition increases and the money capital of the nation tends more to flow out into the country seeking invest ment there and satisfied with safe and moderate returns, the kind of earth robbery known as "scrub farming" will cease by sutfocation and starva tion. It will not take a trained busi ness man long to find out what it seems impossible to teach the "scrub farmer" that there is no "business" and no pro fit in average crops of ten and twelve bushels of wheat, thirty bushels of corn, eighty buBhels of potatoes and other like returns per acre. Similarly, the business farmer is not going to see auv profit in cows so badly bred or so pooily fed, housed and man aged, as to yield but 125 pounds of but ter or 250 pounds of cheese in a season. Such a man is not going to rest a minute while ten or fifteen dollars per head on his neat stock and horses are wasted every year by the bad manage ment of the manure. He is not going to lose the legitimate earnings of in dustry for want of proper implements, or the proper care of them, or by un skillful work in preparing land for a crop, or by poor seed, or by want of proper knowledge in the choice and ap plication of manures. When farming lie comes a business, with business men engaged in it, and a money capital pro portionate to its requirements, we are going to see good farming become general. Then the ablest man, both in brains and money, will do the largest business iu farming, as he now does in trade and manufactures. liural New Yorker. domestic. (ii'Mi'Tiox. Not a high-sounding word, perhaps, but a very expressive one, is (Jumption. A man had better be born with a good stock of gumption in his cranium, than wTith any amount of money in his (prospective) trousers1 pocket. Many a man has let a fortune slip through his fingers for the want of it, and many a woman who might have clothed herself in purple and fine linen has been content to wear six penny calico for the same lack. Gumption in the small, every-day affairs of life is more than any other quality the one thing needful. Web ster makes this word to mean: capa city, shrewdness, address. It is all this and more. What word have we that can quite express its full mean ing? if west e a man drawing out manure on a stone-boat, or wheeling it on a barrow, or damming a muday brook to wash his sheep ir, instead of driving them half a mile to the river, or lift ing heavy barrels into a wagon instead of rolling them in, or cleaning his field of stones by carrying them oft" in his hat, or mowing the thistles in his pasture after they have gone to seed, or letting his mowing machine stand out in tliH weather, while his home made contrivance for marking out even ground stands under cover, or cutting off a cow's tail to cure her of hollow horn, we are apt to say he is lacking in common sense, but it is only gumption he lacks. A woman lacks it when she plants small flower seeds in the same way as her husband does melons and corn; when she tears her dresses into rags for her new carpet, bet ause they are "just the color she wants;'1 when she spends all her spare time piecing bed quilts and lets her children run the streets, dirty and untaught; when she cans fruit in cracked jars and expects it to keep; when she lets her husband go abroad in patched overalls and col larless shins, and then wonders he don't get into the legislature; when she tricks her daughter up to "catch a beau" before she is fairly in her teens; when she "talks" to her neighbors about her husband, and then can't understand why he is slightingly spoken of. when she allows her sons to call their father the "old man," and then is ready to cry her eyes out be cause they call har the "old woman;" when she keeps her children's stomachs stuffed with rich cake, pies and pud ding, and then sends them to bed at night with their faces done up in lemon juice, to make their complexions clear; when she discards a lover because he has a wart on his nose and marries a dandy with a nose the color of a beet. Some people go through life without being able to do anything they under take, except in the clumsiest manner, and yet they have seen the work done as it should be, a hundred times. These have more gumption, however, than another class who never attempt a thing that demands the least taste 01 skill, because they are sure before hand that they "never could do it." "Bear me 1" sighs one lady, "If I didn't have to hire so much sewing done for the men folks, I might afford something for myself now and then." "What is it now?" 'Overalls." "Why not make them yourself. You have time and a machine." "Oh, I never could. I tried it once, and when John came to put them on he couldn't wear them, because I'd sewed the fronts together for one leg and the backs for the other." Another lady wants to eo on an ex cursion "dreadfully," but cannot af ford it. "Fix the hat you are going to take to the milliner's yourself. It wants nothing but what you can do." "I wouldn't dare undertake it for the world. I should ruin it." "Then make over your dress and save the dresmakei's Dill." "Oh, you could do it, I dare say; but I can't. If I ripped it to pieces, I should never be able to get it together again." One of the worst things about wo men of this sort is, that they are for ever blaming some one else for what they are to blame themselves. Do they want to get along and up in the world and often they are ambitious in this respect they are not slow to see that somebody doesn't manage right, but never think of taking the blame to themselves. They haven't gumption enough for even that. liural New Yorker Useful Hints for the Household. Pulverized alum possesses the pro perty of purifying water. A large spoonful stirred into a hogshead of water will so purify it that in a few hours the dirt will all sink to the bottom, and it will be fresh and clear as spring water. Four gallons may be purified by a teaspoonful. Do not let knives be dropped into hot water. It is a good plan to have a large tin pot to wash them in, just high enough to wash the blades with out wetting the handles. Keep your castors covered with blotting paper and green flannel. Keep your salt spoons out of the salt, and clean them often. Do not let coffee and tea stand in tin. Scald your wooden-ware often, and keep the tinware perfectly dry. Wash dishes in a wooden bowl and there will be less danger from break ing, or scratching of the silverware. Suet and lard keep better in tin than in earthen. Suet will keep good the year around, if chopped and packed down in a stone jar covered with mo lasses. SOMETHING TO DO. original. Even here, in my quiet retreat, Bhut out from the noise and bu6tle of life, Even through the thick hedge between me and the street, I am roused by the ear-piercing sunt k of the strife That the women are making for Something to do. Though why should it be, I'm sure I cau't see, That now they should make such a row, Do tou ? As my constant devotion to the fairer sex Is well known to my friends, I hope you will excuse me If I At this juncture should try To 6bow that such nousense Is "all in my eye," And Elizabeth Martin ; For with my art in I'll prove it all, That in real truth Our femiuine youth Want something to do. There is no need to call so loudly for aid, Since each miss and maid Can find It, provided they're not afraid Of a little good exercise their grandmother's did Coustautly in their day, without bting bid. For example, commencing with this, which I call The Balance A Mvt'nm, can be done in a hall, Or wherever there's plenty of room For swinging with ease a common house broom ; In this, and in other?, if I not mistake, The "dotted lines" show the motion to make. This is the Lavatory Motion ? Which is a kind of a notion Requiring a tub, some hot water, and soap, Then some soiled clothes Or plenty of those Things known as Shirts, collars and hope, Which, when through with the trial, Are hung on a rope. The Hanging ovt Movement, Active and breezy, Moreover 'tis easy, And all it requires is a simple clothes-line With the clothes we have mentioned, And It forms a fine Change of the motion, Since it is done ont-doors in the air, And it makes the cheeks red and keeps the head clear. This is the Bablcular Motion. 'Tis made with a baby, Which you already have maybe, And is swung in the air in place of a lotion, To strengthen its limbs. If the actor has not one herself, It will pay To use a poor neighbor's in this pleading way. So these motions you eee Are familiar to me, And suggest themselves no doubt to you As proper employment for ladies a few Who are looking about for Something to Do. D. 8. EARLY DAYS OF GASLIGHT. The use of gas for the purpose of producing artificial light was first in troduce by a Mr. Murdoch, of lledruth, in Cornwall. As early as 1792 this gentleman lighted his house with gas made in an apparatus of his own construction. It is not, however, until 1803 that any attempt was made to introduce it into London, when a Mr. Winsor lectured on the subject and exhibited a specimen of gaslight at the Lyceum. A company called the National Light and Heat Company was soon after projected by Mr. Winsor and his supporters; and in January, 1809, with the view of convincing Par liament and the public of the practical nature of their scheme, the company lighted Pall Mall, from St. James's street to Cockspur street. According to his (Mr. Winsor's) cal culations, "founded on official experi ments," the profits were to be so large as to insure to the shareholders an annual interest of "70 (2,850) for every 5 ($25) invested in the under taking. He estimated that the value of the residuary products w ould reach nearly two hundred and thirty millions ($1,150,000,000) per annum. The Gov ernment was also promised that the scheme would produce in a short time ten millions ($50,000,000) in the way of taxes. These extravagant estimates naturally had the effect of exciting ridicule and opposition. In 1800 appli cation was made to Parliament for an act to incorporate a company to be called the London and Westminster Chartered Gaslight Company, but owing to the prejudice that was enter tained, chielly from the idea that gas lighting was attended with danger, the bill was thrown out. Mr. Wilberforce, by whom it was strongly opposed in the House of Commons, said he consid ered the scheme "one of the greatest bubbles that had ever been imposed 011 public credulity." The application, however, was re newed in the following year, and this time it was successful. But still the lighting of a town with gas was for some time looked upon as a visionary scheme both by the public and men of science. Sir Humphrey Davy is re ported to have asked, as a sneer, whether it was intended to use the dome of St. Paul's as a gasometer With a view of inducing persons to adopt tlu ir invention, the gas company, in the first instance, supplied shops ami houseB both with gas and fittings, free of charge. After the year 1814 gas came more generally into use for light ing both streets and houses, but it was terribly dear. In 1815 the price was 15s. (S'i.75) per one thousand cubic feet, and the amount consumed was guessed at, meters being then unknowr. The extravagant promises as to the profits to be derived were not destined to be realized; and, indeed, for several years no dividends whatever were paid. It is a curious fact that it was for some time believed that gas would have the effect of heating the pipes through which it passed; and when the passages in the House of Commons were first lighted with gas the architect caused the pipes to be fixed four or five inches from the walls, for fear of fire. On the other hand, a patent was taken out for making gas-pipes of wood and paper. On the first introduction of the new light the demand for pi pes was so great that some for little timethere was consid erable difficulty in obtaining a sufficient supply, and musket-barrels screwed together were used for the purpose. Westminster Bridge was lighted with gas in 18 IX In the following year the parish of St. Margaret, AVestminster, set the example to the other parishes by removing the oil lamps and substi tuting gas in their p'ace; and by 1820 it was pretty generally used through out the metropolis. As an illustration of the strong prejudice there was against the new light and of the length of time this feeling existed, it may be mentioned that the Haymarket Theatre was not lighted by gas until April, 1853, the proprietor binding the lessee to ad lire to the old-fashioned mode of light ing with oil. Pall Mall Uazitte. THE PED0M0T0R. Wonders in invention never cease. One of the latest, which some sanguine people claim will revolutionize the walking world, is thus'described by the Philadelphia Kecord: The newspaper carrier who serves papers to the attendants in the Perma nent Exhibition building, goes all his rounds at the rate of twelve miles an hour. He travels on machinery not unlike roller skates, which are called pedomotors. According to the inven tor, Mr. J. II. Hobbs, an architect on Walnut street, above Fifth, the day is not far distant when the whole city will be on wheels, when pedestrians will be skimming through the streets at the rate ot ten miles an hour, without any more effort than is now put forth in perambulating half that distance. Thepedomotor consists of four tough, light wooden wheels, supplied with an outer rim of tough India rubber. These wheels are secured to a frame the shape of the foot, which is strapped to the pedal extremities in the usual manner. Unlike roller skates, the wheels of these little vehicles are not under but are placed on each side of the foot, thus giving the wearer a good standing, as well as a solid footing. The rear wheels are three inches in diameter, while those in front are but two and a half inches. This gives the foot a slight incline, and when in motion has much to do in imelling the pedestrian forward. Extending from the toe, w ith a slight curl toward the ground, is a piece of casting termed the pusher, which is simply used in mounting an elevation or steep incline. From the center of the heel a small brass whee! extends backward, serving as a guide as well as a brake. The whole scarcely turns the scale at a pound weight. In using them no more effort is required than in ordinary walking. The wearer steps with his regular strides, and is amazed to find himself skimming over the ground so rapidly with so little muscular effort. Mr. Hobbs explains the mystery of the rapid movement in this manner: A man whose stride is thirty-two inches will traverse forty eight inches, or one-half farther with the pedomotor. This is because the body is in constant motion. For in stance, says he, the traveler starts, and, while he raises one foot to step, he continues rapidly onward until that foot is set down and the other raised to make another step. This gives him more momentum, and away he goes over two miles in the same time it would take him to accomplish much less with the feet. No effort of the body is re quired for their use, as in skates. The tiaveler simply plants one foot before the other, and finds himself whizzed along at a lively rate. MANHOOD UNMANNED. It is very common and natural to think that civilized men, especially Americans, are of a practical turn, are the makers and providers of money in all matrimonial partnerships where money is needed to carry them on. It is thcazht, also, that they must have a sense of manliness and proper respon sibility which would prevent them, un der any circumstances, from depending on anybody but themselves for the maintenance of their family. While all this is true of course, of the great ma jority, it is surprising how many hus bands and fathers there are, even in the republic, who appear to disbelieve that husbandship or fatherhood, or both, involve actual accountability. They may have a notion that they ought to take care of their family, if they can do so without trouble, if the means are readily procured. But if there be dif ficulties in the way, if sacrifices are to be made, they fold their hands and leave the issue to fortune, imagining that they have done their duty by wish ing that things might be otherwise. This is a mild and favorable presen tation of the inner life of any number of American families, whose heads are intelligent and rank themselves as re spectable. If these were invalids or dipsomaniacs, it would not seem singu lar; but that able-bodied, fairly-educated men, with no more vices than are usual with the masculine race, should fail from any cause within their control to support those who in every sense be long to them, and whom they have de liberately chosen to provide for, hardly seems credible. Perhaps we should not credit it, were it not for the strange, unexpected, often painful revelations made here and everywhere through di vorce suits tried in the public courts. It isshown almost daily by unimpeached and unimpeachable testimony that hus bands and fathers, assuming to be repu table, and frequently held to be so un til detected as base counterfeiters,have for years done nothing towards the sub sistence of wife and children. In many cases they have not even looked after themselves, but have meanly eaten the bread and yet it did not choke them earned by the woman they have sol emnly promised to love, honor and pro tect. The popular opinion that woman is a dependent creature ; that she cannot make her own way in the world ; that she needs to be guarded, hedged around, cared for by noble man, is pitiably con troverted on every side in each city, town and village of the country. It would be supremely mortifying to all of us if we should know how large a proportion of women furnish food, shel ter, and clothing for their husbands and the offspring these have begotten. The actual figures, could they be gathered, would put all manhood to shame, and expose a Widespread error. It has al ways been the boast of the Anglo-Saxon, particularly of the Anglo-American race, that its men are manly: that they respect and revere their women ; that they stand between them and the bat tle of life ; that they will not let their women drudge and toil, as so many foreigners do, when they have the health and strength to save them. And the great mass make good their boast it is so much and so uniformly the Saxon habit that they who shirk the obligation may well be regarded as of alien blood, as they unquestionably are of alien spirit. Still, it must be conceded that the exceptions are hu miliating by many ; that there are men and Americans really, and men and Americans nominally, and that the two are irreconcilably different. The first duty of every and anv man, whatever his breed or creed, whether civilizedor unci vilized,to provide for her he pretends to love, and for those who are or should be the product of his love,i8 ignominiously neglected, though seldom openly disregarded, overall the land. Divorce suits unveil but a por tion of them. There are fathers innu merable who support their married daughters and their daughters' chil dren because their husbands make no effort to do so ; are absolute! v lost to shame ; have fallen in this low the lowest brutes, brothers without end that upon to maintain their brothers' families because respect be There are feel called sisters' or unnatural husbands and unnatural fathers are too lazy, too unprincipled, too contemp tible, to take care ot their own. There are honorable, conscientious men who have refrained from marriage and from having children, because they have never seen their way clear to their proper rearing, and yet are expected to and do give ef their hard-earned sub stance to sisters and brothers, and the progeny of these that have elected to marry and reproduce their kind in the face of prudence, justice and the com mon good. The sacrifices which many make that in no sense appertain to them for unwisely wedded kindred, un worthy from recklessness and indispo sition to be advised of such sacrifice or of the generous devotion shown, are more pathetic and magnanimous than most of us could be led to believe with out detailing facts and the unroofing of countless homes. What meanness, what injustice, is perpetually practiced in the name of wife and children I Men faw n and beg and lie and swindle and set k to excuse deceit and dishonor for their assumed behoof, while they are really degrading themselves for purely selfish ends. Hundreds of undeserving husbands and fathers say that they cannot do what they would for their own. "Cannot" is an unmanly phrase, and therefore befitting them. Few of them fairly try. They dawdle and whine, and ap peal to kind hearts, and get what they should be ashamed to mention. "I would not do it but for my wife and children." He who is ever ready to say so is a mendicant in spirit, a cur in conduct. Wife and children should be noble stimulants to exertion and enter prise, not acquittals for abjectness and self-abasement. Marriage and pater nity arc within one's option. They are not necessities, nor are they always de sirable. When not respected and vin dicated, they are discreditable, dishon orable and dishonoring. A man who cannot or will not provide for his wife and children has no right to have them. Before he takes or begets them he should understand his powers. Even wife and children may exhaust his claim to indulgence. A ew York Times "Is this a fair?" said a stranger, stopping in front of a place where a festival wras in progress, and addressing a citizen. "Well," replied the citizen, "they call it fair, but they take every body in." He probably had invested in a ticket in an oyster soup lottery, and had drawn a blank. Toledo Com mercial. One Stvle of hats for ladies ia called the "Huzza." That is because it is so cheerful for the husband who pay 8 the bills. ! POPULAR ERRORS. A common error, one often injurious to health, and not infrequently fatal to human life, and one greatly unprofit able in the care of stock, is illustrated by the practice of some farmers we re member in our boyhood days on a western farm. The error is quite preva lent still. These farmers kept their sheep especially, and sometimes other stock, in open fields, or at best, in exposed yards and sheds, allowing them to feed from the sides of open hay stacks. Hay was cheap and the sheep ate it voraciously. This large consump tion of food was considered a mark of vigor and of health, even. (We do not forget that these farmers were accus tomed to apply pine-tar freely to the noses of their sheep in spring, to cure a sort of catarrhal discharge always prevalent, but attributed to something outside of the real cause). Many pa rents, alas! believe, and practice upon the belief, that thin clothing, sleeping cold, and bare legs and arms, harden children and make them vigorous. What are the facts'? Our bodies are warmed precisely the same as our rooms are warmed. In burning wood, coal, corn, wheat, oil, etc., the oxygen of the air unites with the carbon (coal) of these substances, producing carbonic acid which escapes unseen. In thus combining, heat, be fore insensible, is given out in a sensi ble condition. (Scientists will excuse this form of illustration). When we eat the corn, wheat, flour, meat or other food, it is worked up or digested in the stomach, goes into the blood and there meets with oxygen from the air ab sorbed in the blood through the del leal e membranes of the lungs. Eich atom of food that unites with an atom of this oxygen in the blood, produces car bonic acid, and awes out heat which warms the blood, and through it the body. (The carbonic acid is breathed out through the lungs, and escapes in visible, just as it does from the fire.) When no food is taken for some time, the reserved supply of fat and ftesh stored in the body is consumed to sup ply the heat needed to keep the body alive. Let it be fixed in the mind that all the heat of the body must come from food actually burned in the blood, or, in the absence of food, from burning some of the substance of the body it self. We do not see the burning, sim ply because only very small atoms are burned at any one point; but the facts are just as stated. liut heat is always escaping from the surface of the body, and the more there is escaping, the more fuel (food) must there be supplied, or more oftheliatand flesh of the body will be consumed and wasted, and the body decreases in weight and substance. If just enough food is supplied, there will be no change. If there is supplied and digested more than enough food to meet this heating requirement and the other wastes, fltsh and fat will accumulate in the body. Is it not clear that if, by warm clothes, by warm rooms, and warm barns, we stop some of the heat from escaping from the surface of our bodies and thoe ot our animals, less fuel (less food) will be needed for pro ducing heat in t he blood ? Those shec-p referred to above were obliged to eat much hay to keep from freezing to de.ith. A good shelter to ward off the driving winds and showers that so rapidly carried away their heat, would have saved a good deal of food. A warm barn or enclosure would have saved more. They crowded close to gether to catch from each other the escaping heat, which helped soms. Bees, by clustering closely in win ter, save a good deal of heat. This explains why animals take on flesh faster from the same food in warmer than in colder weather. They use up less in supplying heat. Cows, i:i warm quarters, and iu warm wea ther, secrete and furnish us with car bonaceous batter, which they must burn to supply loss of heat in cold m father, when not warmly sheltered. THE SACRED CITY. What a singular spot is Benares, the sacred city of the Hindoos! From all parts of India pious Hindoos come to spend their last days and die. sure of thus obtaining their peculiar form of alvation. All day long, from the earliest dawn till sunset, thousands of people bathe on the steps of the ghats, which run along the river's bank for nearly two miles, in the sure and cer tain hope that by such ablution their sins are washed clean away. It is an extraordinary sight to sit in a boat and quietly drift with the stream alongside the whole length of this great city, and watch the bathers, who till up the entire line. Men and women are thus piously engaged; and the usual plan is to bring down a plain robe, which they deposit on the stone steps w hile they descend into the wa ter in their other robe, and there per form the necessary amount of ablu tions. While the bathers stand up to their waists in water, devoutly folding their hands in prayer, or shedding of ferings of leaves into the running stream from large baskets, the priests are squatting on the shores by scores, each under an enormous umbrella of plaited bamboo some ten or twelve feet in diameter, and each with a continually-increasing heap of small coin, presented by the bathers for what purpose we do not know. One of the ghats is called "the burning ghat," where are stacked great piles of wood, and where the boats that you see coming down the river with enormous stacks of wood upon them unload their burdens. Here, in the midst of the bathers, the dead are burned by their sorrowing friends. Tiie body is brought down lashed upon a small hand-bier. If a man, it is wound tightly in white robes, so that every part is covered; if a woman the robes are red. The body is then plunged over head in the stream, and is then left lying in the water half-submerged, while the friends build the funeral pyre. When the pyre is half-built the body is laid on it, and tbxu more wood, aud then the torch is applied, aud the smoke of the burning pile soon pours forth in thick, murky columns. When the wood is burned, all the parts of the body that are left unconsumed are thrown into the Ganges, down which they float till the birds and fishes finish what the fire leaves undone. This cremation goes on daily; and during one short visit before breakfast we saw &ix funeral fires lighted, but did not feel called upon to watch the entire destruction of the several pyres. FAMILIAR RELATIONS. A little father o'er the stile As James would lain a titter -As eke some mother la,is ui1 lo He bent liliu Uown mid kistTd her. The maiden cried, "Aunt you a wretch To treat a Kir I so badly You'd daughter be ashamed, t say. To com( n me so sadly : PRESERVING NEWSPAPERS. " Every one who takes a newJn which he in the least degJeTS ciates, will often regret to see any ber thrown aside for waste pS" which contains some interesting S important articles. A good way to serve these is the use of a script One who has never been accustX thus to preserve short articles S hardly estimate the pleasure it afford? to sit down and turn over the pleasa familiar pages. Here a choice pieced poetry meets the eye, which you r? member you were so glad to see in th " paper, but which you would long sir.1 have lost had it not been for your scran book. There is a witty antcdote Jtt does you good to laugh over it Ve though for the twentieth time. xex is a valuable recipe you had almost for gotten, and which you found just in time to save much perplexity. There is a sweet little story, the memory 0f which has cheered and encouraged you many a time, when almost ready t0 de spair under life's cares and trials. ln! deed, you can hardly take up a single paper without reperusing. Just glaifce over the sheet before you, and see how many valuable items it contains that would be of service to you a hundred times in life. A choice thought is far more precious than a bit of glittering gold. Hoard with care the precious gems, and see at the end of the year what a rich treasure you have accumu lated. It is stated that the cultivators of lettuce and celery in France have uni ted and offered a premium of 2000 for a remedy that will check a rust that is proving injurious to the growth of these vegetables. The rust appears in spots spreads rapidly, and is most destrue'. tive with plants that are nearly ready for the market. The school Is still ; a hand is raised "May I go out. please, sir?'" Aud 'tween his handkerchief and nose Oo ruddy stains appear. "Why, certainly," the master say The urchin straightway goes: He takes his cap from off its peg. The cranlerry from his nose. EdvcrfiBtments. In writing to parties Advertis. ing in these Columns please men tion this paper. THE NEW YORK SUN FORJ879. Tiik Si n will be printed every day during the year to come. Its purpose and inetnod will be the Rami) as in the past : I'o present all the news lu a readable shaite and to tell the truth though tiie heavens fall. Tiik srxhas been, Is, and will continue to be iu dependent of everybody aud everything save ths Truth and its own conviction of duty. That Is the only policy which an honest newsiaper need have. That is the poiicv which has won for this uew$p:iMr the confidence and friendship of a wider constitu ency than was ever enjoyed by any other Amerlcau journal. Th e M X is the newspaper of the people. It Is not for the rich inau against the poor niau, or for the poor man against the rich man, but it seeks to Jo equal justice to all interests in the community. It Is not the organ of any person, class, sect or party. There need be no mystery about its loves and hates. It Is for the honest man against the rogue every lime. It is for the honest Democrat as against the dishonest Republican, and for the honest Republi can as against the dishonest Democrat. It noes not take its cue from the utterances of any politician or political organisation. It gives its suniiort un reservedly when men or measures are in agreement with the Constitution and with the principles upon which tills republic was founded for the people. Whenever the Constitution and constitutional prin ciples are viola:ed it speaks out for the right. That Is The sex's idea of independence, lu this re spect there will be no change in its programme for The Srx has fairlv earned the hearty hatred ot rascals, frauds aud humburgsof all sort and sizes. It hopes to deserve that hatred not less iu the year 17'J than in isTS, 177 or any year gone by. Thk Slx is printed for the men and women ol to-uay, whose concern is chiefly with the affairs of to-day. It has both the disposition and the ability to afford its readers the promptest, fullest and most accurate intelligence of whatever in the wide world is worth attention. To this end the resources lielonging to well-established prosiwrity will be liberally em- P'l e present disjointed condition of parties in this eouim-v, ami the uncertainty of the future, lend an extraordinary significance to the events of the com ing vear. To present with accuracy and clearness the exact situation in each of its varying phases and to expound, according to its well-known methods, the principles that should guide us through the labyrinth, will bean important, partol The Si x's work for lH7'.i. , We have the means of making The Mx, as a po litical, a literarv. and a general newspaper, more entertaining and more useful than ever betore ; and we mean to apply t hem freely. Our rates of subscription remain unchanged, ror the Daily Si n, a four page sheet of tweiity-eik'ut column, the m ice by mail, post-paid, is 3 cents a month, or J.fi a year ; or including the Sun day paper, an eight-page sheet of fifty-six cluniis, the price is cents a month, or a year, postage paid. , ... The Sunday edition of The Si x is also furnishe.l separately at 8l.0 a year, imstage paid. Iue St x 1AY St n, in addition to the current news, pre sent? a most entertaining and Instructive body of literarv ami miscellaneous matter, iu balk twice as groat and in value not inferior to that of the er-t monthly magaeines of the day, at one-tenth their "tIiVWfekly M X is especially adapted tor those who do not lake a New York daily palter. 1 he new s of the week is fully presented, its market reports are furnished to the latest moment, and Its agnciii tui.il department edited with great care and anility, is uiiMirpassed. The Weekly Srx is probably read to-day bv more farmers than auy other mr published. A choice story, with otner carelnii) prepared miscellany, appears in each issue, me Weekly protects its readers by barring Its adver tising columns against frauds and humbugs, ami furnishes more good matter for less money than can be obtained from any other source. The price of The Weekly m x, eight pages, fifty-six columns. Is St a year, postage paid. ri clubs of ten, sending iLO, we will send an exti: copy free. . .... Address, T. W. F.N I.A M, Publisher of The Si x, New York Uty . HARPER'S 'T. 1 Is He Pope n joy? By Anthony Trollope...- 2. History of a Crime. By Victor Hugo 10 S. The Russians of To-Day 10 4. Paul Knox Pitman. By J. B. Harwood .... 10 5. My Heart's in the Highlands... 10 6. Henrietta. By Ernest Daudet.. 10 7.. Christine Brownlee's Ordeal. By M. Patrick V 8. A Beautiful Woman. By Leon Brook 10 0. Honor's Woith. By MetaOrred 15 10. Kingsdene. By Mrs. FetherBtonnaugh 10 11. Cleveden. By Stephen Yorke 10 12 The People of Tnikey 13. The Young Duke. By Benjamin Disraeli.. 14 Haverholme. By Edward Jenkins 1,1 15. "Bonnie Lesley:" By Mrs. Herbert Martin. V 16. The Life of the Earl of Beaonsfield, K. 0.. l'i 17. Selected Poems of Matthew Arnold 10 18. The Babble Reputation. By Katherine King 1 19. Among Aliens. By Mrs. F. E. Trollope. M'd I5 20. Gny Livingstone. By George A. Lawrence 21. Time Shall Try. By Mrs. F. E. M Notley .. 22. Evelina. By F. Bnrney (Madame D'Arblay). 1 23. The Batch elor of the Albany 10 24. Auld Lang Syne. By W. Clark Russell .... 1 25. Macleodof Pare. By William Black 1 26. The Mistletoe Bough". li 27. Rare Pale Margaret ! 28. Love's Crosses. By F. E. M. NotUy 1-1 29. Light and Shade. By Charlotte G. O'Brien. 1 30. Christians and Moors of Spain. ByC M.Yonge l' 31. Elinor Dryden. By Katherine S. Macqnoid. 2 32 The Irish Bar. By J. Kodeiick O Flanigaa. 15 33. The Last Days of Pompeii. By Lord Lytton 1 34. Through Asiatic Turkey. By Grattan Geary 1 33. Sport and Work on the Nepaol Fi ontier l' 36. Jane Eyre. By Charlotte Bronte..., . 37. An Eye for an Eye. By An heny Trollope.. 1 ' SS Man and Wife. By Wilkie Collins I5 39. A True Marriage. By Emily Speader 1 40 Keeverdale. By the Earl of Desart 15 PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. SBarpkr & Brothers will tend ony of above work by mail, postage prepaid, to anyp'irl of tht United States, on receipt of the price. PL.3T
The Chatham Record (Pittsboro, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 20, 1879, edition 1
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