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A f i 1 1 !- 1 - tO . MOn.UlTY, 1. 1 Tint ATI' a c n i c t '.tv r, u 2! : .V01 A L i: IU II, S AT U H I) A Y :.i cr r .i ; j i.via r.-- i .. i:. a ct. '..'.ricter cf th two I it.o ! deft Is re The Record i- h , to subscribers at ' cases in advance. U payment bzi..." dollar and Hfjy cent; sis months, threats- " All communications, t paid. , . Discontinuances rmio . . ve.r: otherwise the n : fot another annual tern. vVo discontinuance will i ' mid. except by special i ; .frfwr&CTnCTifa.auJ!'1'-' ' --racier tl v.. ..;vr, , will be inserted at the iw !.,! iv I.-. ,w. name-?, &e m L? f nrstoot- . thivu-h (he attention f Post Master?, T'-i'iy frcu (.1 . xMOiis.. tndattharwS6fthe.rropn.i.-". All r.W. not attend-M f i". r ; :nl)- tirao, si.MTiM ba repeated should bo in ba promptly Persons tri monev 0pventh cony for their services Minvtes cf Associations, pamphlet, and book, rfall S3ti'iptinn3,"mH e printed with neatness; ar.U un ac . commodating terms. . . From the Chijistian HfJIector. - " TO THE HEY." RICHARD FULLER D. D. - LETTER VII. My Dear BsoTiiEii,-j In my last letter I en deavored to illustrate the manner in which I sup pose the New Testament Jo have prohibited the existence of Domestic Slavery. It is not by any precept forbidding it, but i by the inculcation of such truths respecting jthe character, the value, and the responsibility of pan, and his relation to Ins fellow man and to hijt maker, as are utterly in consistent with the institution. The next question which naturally occurs is this, why was this mode of expressing the divine will adopted 1 This in quiry I propose to considjeF-in the present letter. I fear that this correspondence is becoming weari some by its length, und shall therefore, in the re- Ttv:.:;i..;.t weald have L.tii then the u.tj -. r f !.ry, more . 4C0. ! i Both cf th:;e c-; ,.,-,..,1.1 I ' t - i - '.. o cf 3 ijpt at j-nn u whiw r..l duty must rest, q unchsiri-.i- mcral creatures 6t:n:;i i --.nuns m. wjiicit -OLJch WM in C ft ti n s .nU'xT ! .ij ujvn iiiv uunuii xuipire. Astl c :--spel spread from city to city, and beran to ex. u jmiucnt-e upon ti;c putiu: mind tho h 'rctlinrr slavery were 'rjraduAHy re'axed evi-ry cl c id r.nd ' i-.. 'cr the tout tf i! " " l y: ch ciMertancl to GcJ, r.nJ without any precepts i: cacli purlicular c:-:,j to leave the "course of cun- .u4 lu, uc uciernu;;ea by the conscience cf every individual acting in the presence of the all-seeii)" IJeiiy. lo illustrate the practical differenw of these modes cf teaching, I ask is there any dan ger u,a either you cr 1, acting in tlie spirit cf f the viry cl.asoo in legislation was in this resnprt n t;n i" ,.,,, r.. .i t rr. . 'vpect a tie?, i.;h rcr "" J.efor ihc tetter. 1 his tcn pppv n, V , . n. i ; , vwumu.vu l ne u'orki tr atid incrp:rrl ,n 'l,.,l.,.. .1.: ' i . slavery was at last abolished. Aud. bv iJ J. , j w v- liiVt i 1 S.. '.Uy rempve into Jili t . u'.vn on J fur l! own I' " , ' cf Gol cm tliti . end all u: It vr. C i v.. . char ... l i r - i : .. : r . i t ' i ; ana au rer uwincf i ; l .v rwn t cu, j jujncipio wine ii teuciies Us!, ihuu 'shalt love thvl aurcaticr-unicnr3 ana wvuv;rus IiCM;bor as ,!,,., ;vntIri v? ... u r..,l . wuw une u sending us six ntjw r;uus ui uusi:riuvia wuu ; . v. w nu uiwny yturs WJlU-jwie Xrinthians ii. .nn- vmv pnr n u pn ! Mum nra wnnwnyy it. i..t t..- . . -l i i w j - . . -.- - - y - - - ; - - -w. ii i.ith iulu iiirr. vri i "' ! . v J - 1 ... ; i ! ... I . j.je never vio.aica nilSRinn nfiH .1..!:.!.. - i 1 the tench .."! "uouuua Pf'y "Hof should to dialled, I f.;u vasfu 'ci , ET AUJ SUU mi!'iolironsWry ()ra!,-, as nrst fotumencet . nnd us nm rr.eo .i . . 4 . ' wn.v ,3 ccCi- i avcrv was thrn t-,,r.. tnsall cppoitunily to know snlit cf CJocl. The C;,ve Vi i uaw iruai our eaiir, t 3 V, ;.' t!:' Sf t'. : .t tl: t!. , lilli : -f, i K one cf them.! itha gospel cf our principles cn which youth our del ... ..1 1 t . . tjuim cy me noble -exampb of the Christian church. To liberate their fellow men from servi tude was, very early in the history of Christianity i iue inusj urgent Unties rf rc . ; Clemens; in 'his Eniotle remarks: We have know n ma- But Vrt thai i i Z a ucincreu Uiem- precepts which are intended to guard gainst such I " 1 71:, l!Cy "ht rc! a violation are the studv of a lifetime! nnd tl ! nt. . T il. T. 7 1' ruuynus, ij,silop cl nun.ber cf them is annually increasing and tnust j himsclf, in order to ncMT I ??df very pnU increase 1 on l in i-pnr or nnr rmhle ir nno nnnJ ' r . . . j--" tier ecur- '" v jMTrfln sent to tne Dishop of Numidia. 2,500 li. . f--'M to mi smt of ' t!:e Scripture t'.lctf J tKI, u'ia u.ity u.j t!.u iulj?ct, ard i.f ih 1 f ' i i rlf, ? r f I ' " t III j - ut it. . .-,iiii j s:to i)i :ar i-" s-&cnt prcc'iicc. " " . y : niV dear brother, yoar, with er-ry jcn.' f ChrLti.m ani-ction, ' - - .',, I 11: rtr to us r.s ho "Ppty them to our parti, uujia rt-pect to iu csr.u we. in our i',-' r-,i . ,, , :. ,? COMFLUXERS. cf m? n,is.cnnrvol b-JerJtJ Utat jjncantiy stocked. . ; t; the f leta it .uni. i.n;n .t i i in mimw wiwcein some captives. joc' of his church with which h redeemed the captives. Ambrose, of Milan, did 'the same in respect to me furniture ol his church. marks that follow, study " You will perceive at is, proved to: have been the utmost brevity. oner, that I am by no means obliged to reply to this inquiry. If such the method chosen by the instruction in respect to slavery must be sub jected. If this form cf wrong had been singled out from all the others, and had a!or.e been treat ed preceptively, the whole system would have been vitiated. . We should have been authorized to inquire why . were not similar precepts in other cases delivered j and if they were not delivered J we should have been at liberty, to conclude thai th. effect w they were intentionally omitted and that thP ot ! t,,. Z pn " wu.ch they would have forbidden : were innocent. Andithus we see that 'the very reason why this I cannot but cons der this as a sufficient reason mode of teaching was ndopted, was to mkomvM why.no precept should be 1 given on the' subject ' the universal aMUwri of slavery. ; A precept could It WftU inK met in. which the imperial constitutions nl'nurd ntnt;' to be sold.'. These facts sufficiently illustrate tlw manner in which the early church interpreted the teaching cf the rosnol rr.npiin i .i ..ij it - - l ' iu,vi y. OIIU HISU UP I -IV ft .nfr .1 U3. There is thcrcforn no need fw d- ;y fr pnrpoje of . inculcating on us the prkxi,.: t;s vvliich duty rests." ; Again slavery was then, enj it U r.ov. a cvii. H.is.cstabluheJ nnd ir.-.lr.ti!r., J Lv tl d 1 1 ; I, in the t .ovecr, t Oiwniscic nt -Wisdom, we iall concede that it must have been chosen for. the jtfest ! possible reason. The fact is all that we nccJ be anxious to discov er. Nevertheless, if we are able to show proba ble reasons for the course adopted by inspiration, it may anticipate variotts objections that might otherwise suggest themselves. I remark then in the first place, this mode of teaching is, in all respects, conformable to that universally adopted by the Saviour and his apos tles. . In the words of Archbishop Whately 'it I was no part cf the scheme of the gospel revela iwrj. pie' thin? that again.to give a detailed general description, of Christian duty or to delineate after the manner of systematic ethical writers each separate habit of virtue or vice." New ond higher motives were implanted, a more exalted and perfect example was proposed for imitation, a loftier standard ofmoraU ity was established, rewards more glorious and punishments more appalling, were held out, and supernatural aid was bestowed, and the Christian with thfsc incentives and advantages is left to ap ply for himself in each case, the principles of the Gospel. . He is If ft to act at his own discretion, recording to . the dictates of his conscience ; to cultivate Christian dispositions, and thus become a law unto himself.' Nay,' still further, care was taken in the revelation of the New Testament to guard the disciples of Christ against expecting , a system of precise moral enactments. For this rea son the precepts which are given are sometimes , contradictory, as when we arc commafided to 'let our light so shina before men,' and also 'not to let our left hand know what our right doeth.' Some limes the literal precept was extravagant nnd ir rational, as when we are commanded 'to pluck out a right eye,' or 'cut off a riht hand Some times the precept was in itself insignificant, as when we are told to wash each others feet.' In all these and similar cases, it is plain that we arc taught to disregard the precept itself ; and looking beyond if, to adopt as the rule of our universal conduct the principle which it is evidently inten ded to inculcate. If any one has any doubts on the mode of New Testament instruction in this respect, I Leg, him to read the essay, to which I have referred. I think it must appear obvious lo every rehVcU. Jfigmind that this is the only method in which a universal rerelation, which should possess any tnoral stringency, could have been given, for all r:r,;ng time. A simple precept, or prohibition, is ' '-'1 things the easiest to be evaded. Lord El 1 K d tT say thc.t '.: rn in England ccM c-.iJ'.ruct ;.n act of IV. r" J r.i il.-ive a cr'.. , ;;-ve Lccu iliuJjv.!; J 1;; cf o::r Savio :r. ''i.. 'pislvcs cn t! ir ttrict of slavery, nnd why, like nlmost every other, cer tainly like every other social wrong, it should be left to the results of the inculcation of a jaioral principle. ? - . . j ' j There seem to me other reasons: why this mode of instruction should be adopted in this particular truths founded in the instance. - . r not have done this, for in the chnn?int? condition of human , society, the- means would have easily been devised for. eluding it. But by ; teaching irutns, tne very truths in which Christianity con sisted, utterly and absolutely opposed to slavery, . uuuu luunutfu in me essential moral relations of i creatures to their rn.i!nr it rn,1rnfl it ,.,.;,-. 1. i he reason of tho duty. to abolish slavery is that when ChristLmltv tvn im,Wt,l sA ,.;,: found in the moral relations and responsibilities of j ed, this institution could not exist.; Thus the a human being. Cut these moral relations and principles of the gospel have once abolished slaw responsibilities were at this time wholly unknown. j ry from the face of the earth. - They have almost This I hav; attempted to illustrate iin my last let- j done it for the second time.: May we not hope ter. h was certainly reasonable to postpone the i that the work will be speedily accomplished, and inculcation of the duty until the truths were pro-! accomplished forever. . ' mulgated on which this duty tea founded. I The 'And here I think that the New Testament, hnv- luuiumiciuai iiuuis 01 ujo uecuuauon oi inoepcn- mg aaopted this as the correct and only universal . v.. owtieiy, onu u can o; ato legislation.;. The case v is the tin gcs ot Chn,uauity. There is I. remark-nbfe diik-renee. Then the laws un r, thing I t'the published will cf a-dcsr.t. The tuhject had no power to make or unmake tLcm. H i by no means tlr.- same with us.' Wo t icir prnc- our own laws. Every chim wlu, rrp;.,, t' n right of suHrage is him?e!f responsible f r eery kuv that is made, unless lie his ptu forth his f II constitutional power to prevent it. Hcr.ec u grave responsibility resis upon every Chn'. iim citizen in respect to the laws by which he is oven cJ. If he favor or if be do not remit laws at vanru.ee with the iope which he professes, he is rc?rm title to God fl-r all the ur.rg which the bus create. . ;' - ' Tn a word' I believe, that slavery is fjilM '-J jr V!', !! !" c." ; it i I :. '"::. i which rv To ih tLj- r-exupy i! . y a JanJ vc a ruukii- 2 rant it i to them r .i tl y, nu-i protects them' "A 'n tl 1 i ! th : 1 1 ) : i hi r. li'.::. -r lizlitf. ond lha nrAj. thr:r JawfLl enterprises that ihv ' -nu ng tree, ur.moltited 2 fruits cf their Lttour ' tht lordly power of r.i 1 jrsuch more, fail ' c.-'pLiir.ings cf thirlr t'-rr 'fe ciheriof their , I,. rtes and t!v ' ' rr' rt t ' as Mordvcai da hiirj rtvt them rather h'. t'.-;; to f.:V. t :. ? t'.-:j the t! Iain t r lW.i .a t difTcra !,-.ihoa v Ion j :'-Jcd to' -1 v. hhta " u.u ocripiurcs jjft ns almost i i . , . . ev ry ether s; prescribes no mnrn! rlnti-. r,f :..., country severed. BuUof what; us6 would have excuses from that duty another, when bah ore been such n declaration if these principles had nev-;, under the same cii cumstances. If it prescribed the cr oeen enner promulgated or understood. Every one sees that such an act would have been inope rative and absurd. - - j t J ! ' 1 - 1 1 ' 2. Again, slavery, at the lime of our Saviour and Apostles, was a social evil. It was establish ed by laws. The whole community enforced these Luxs on every individual. . j The tn"ister;could only manumit such a portion of his slaves as1 the law permitted. . He could go to no other country and then set them free, for the whole civilized world was under the same dominion. If he' set them free contrary to law, lhey: were liable to' be reduced again to a worse bondage than that from which he had delivered them. Hence it was mani fest that the system could only to' abolished by a change in the public mind, by ' inculcating those principles wbich would show the whole comtnuni through wh ; i , fjur.' We find this tj - ens Thari cf the Jews in t! '.bedie prided nee o 3 Sflr'' of every precept cf t:.- Mo - CV; the New Tcitr.mcnt had , wi. n rys'.:m of precepts, there ,:ir. ..!.:j!i could have been a " ',.; 'j!I have Lci-n to forbid vv. ' ; :r. :tiC3 ci i v.-t j . t , f -rv-.r..! into ft; ty that it was. wrong, and induce them, frrrfa-a general conviction of its moral evil, to abandon it. I can also perceive other practical benefits of great importance which would necessarily attend this method ot abolishing .shivcryJ To have in culcated the right cf the slave to freedom, and the duty cf the master to liberate him, absolutely 'ar.d immediately, whiKs both were ignorant of the: prin ciples on which the precept was founded, and wholly uninfluenced by these principles, must liave led to a universal social war. The masters would not have obeyed the precept, the slaves would have risen in rebellion. . rhis n-rrrtpt ! had been .'fre quently made before, and Lad been put down by horrible bloodshed. Ttye're is no, reason to suppose that the same result wpuld -rjoHiave taken place again. Myriads of unarmed arid i. norant slaves could never , have stood the shock of the Roman legions, comm'and.d by able generals nnd sup portedlby ibe wealth of the empire. Hence, to have adopted life "method of abolishing slavery by precept would have defeated- the Vrreat object in view and rendered the condition of -the slave worse ....... , - . - outyoi manumitting their slaves to Christian mas ters, it must have prescribed it to all masters, that is, it must have ndopted that other mode of teach ing, by precept, instead of teaching by principle. It therefore left the vhole matter lo the operation pf principle and the manner in which that princi ple wasacted upon by Christians, I have already illustrated. In all this I see nothing but the be nevolence and long mindedness of the Deity. God treats his intelligent creatures according to the na- m that iv, by tho inculcation uf nv i! prjncip'es which are utterly at variance with it. Is no: tliis tho almost universal ' mcthoJ of th New Testament teaching! Do you not, my bro ther, so interpret it 1 When you attempt to teach men that they ore sinners against God, da you enumerate the precepts which they hare broken, or! do you set before theni . the character of God nnd the universal i elation to him X If their con duct has been at variance with nil th--Vitiation, docs not tbeir own conscience pre. ounce them gui!tyiThe cae i, as I esteem, similar h. rc. God has thus taught us that - slavery is wrong, a violation of his most holy law. And if to it is our duty at once to abaniun it. The manner in which this is to be dona may, apprehend, vary. with our circumstances, f ach, i ::r..:cl ...t b-; d;t: .1 an I'o' ;r. tread -:,.? , toe?, wit!. : mixture (.;" Lie rich tv, :, ;;:-J nub!-s ? peasantry reiiJmg on it a part' and pare:! eft!.? f.;r have only coltagcj to ll;2 i i!y, end the dom?-;Ic r ive v. other f.-jj vegetables. ny ctl.c: InAu: dresi of the S;vc l-'.v : and hard ! - out meat con--,ri- r,!' people cf Hungary arc own the h... j, wn":; r, hut the hi i . 4 I I 1 1 1 t m .- . n riMl! 1 . r . - t- A I I t I " I... I . ......... muj tsntit iu uu niu ituLiiing uy cx- i w - ample of the New Testament. ' A man, I suppose, I .f ,JIcr IK' y -i::;: ' l: delivers hia::-!f from the guilt of slavery, at thej , tUch' sndtn-.r.lnlh topr..-,-; very moment when he, in the 'sight of God, re-1 lhey orctf'py- nounces all right in his fellow man. and acts in I lT,1lt J,ci l- nwl-? L: t ; ' sincerity of heart, in the presence cf his Judge, in I mo.n- 'Jr$c;VCi, lo " - conformity wifh -that' renunciation. Tlie manner I cmofT " the priva-i-n r . Such, in all case3 except in insular has been the result of servile insurrec tion?. The result of the abolition of slavery by th? in culcation cf the principles cf the Gospel would be the revere cf all this. Bv teaching the nin.ter his o th'a U; A c n ixoountab.li'.y, by instilling into his;mind ;!:' hnnjar.;..'.,, truths' of Christiamtv t by f'..: i:;g him ll;3 folly cf sensuality and luxury, ; craved trom industry, frugali :, it would prepare him of his ?rate his slave, and to 113 all rds the abolition of tho? l .-.vs 'vas sustained. By tf..i.i l;.j 1 ::. v;' '?v csa man, : to' the ; " : !-i to ' .1. he ty turn tt.tii.V, !,. ; U:. f . .t it .. i . ..v. ...nv.., (W, L-ncn-iuem. .lie rcvcais nis Will.'. He DromidrrntP'!: trutli f nn!rorel r-fH.-nr... but frquentJy allows long lime to elapse before the effect appears, in order that that efiect may be the more radical and comprehensive. These seem to me to be sufficient reasons for the mode of teaching which the New Tesiarncnt has adopted in respect to slavery. On this sub ject I do not see thst there can ba any . q iestion between us.r I have always remarked that our Southern brethren are especially opposed to im mediate .abolition. They consider it n! -:rd, rui nous, inhuman, and destructive, to Society itself. They also declare that if abolition is ever to be accomplished, by means of the inculcation of prin ciples which naturally lend to it; and not by force cf arms, or by the passage of arbitrary acts. It would then seem peculiarly- unreasonable for them to assert thnt there is only one method in which the abolition could with benevolence to nil parties be accomplished, and then to assert that the gospel could not certainly mean to abolish ft, because it had adopted this very method.. -Before leaving this part of the subject, it may be well to consider very briefly in what manner, the principles we have been discussing, bear upon the question of slavery in our Soutl'cru States. . In the first place, if slavery be inconsistent with the principles of the gospel, it is wrong, nnd God requires us to abandon it. And besides, God docs not require us to abandon it, simply becau;2 wo are Christians, Cut because wc ere men, his crca- j tures, and because it is nt variance" with the moral i bw under which we are created. If it be nsked ! when, I ns!c again, when is it our duty- to obey i God 1 Is os.iii.i .(.i, uuujui, as boon us . wo near ins com mandments. A reason 1 that' would be su'liei ,t for delaying to obey God for a moment, wm onii.i acting out this renunciation may, however, f n? vary with the circumstances r fit!.- Cae. . All that I ''onLi I cr nation?,' before thry the gtispei requires h, that, Ui.liassed -by ir.tcrrJ, r.nawcd by persecution,, he carry out the princi p'es of the go pel wheresuever they may lead him. Ha is to do this s r.n incliTjdml, with refpect to thosa whom he now believe that he has nniunly held in bondage. He is to do it in reject to the community whom,"! y his fa:: t r- I flsnple, he lias cit!,:r h-d i: H ? is to bear his t e -tl it may cost him. ?".) ; nets tijKii) these ptr -i; iiiii 1111 nil ut : 14 u - 1 rr' 1 i 1. n ! c sake r p: .to o i ..f y la t!.- ti ritl.ech , c :r - 1 .:; 1 stain ' of blood guihineV if.it I 2 a "shx r.t nil it is a sin Of app.d'ing r.iagnitud', is f;ar.dbn her paimciits. . 1 tlniuc I can illustrate my view of this ? ! ' t by a latiimar ' cxampV. I -nni obliged to case which we all know to It ?. fid for tl of the illustration. I do not intend t. ' it cHl'n sivcly. Sapptise a man to have been nuilty of great dishonesty. He holds in his handslho pro perty v f t everal of his fellow mrn, cf which he has obtained possession unjustly. He repents cf his sin, an 1 wishes to obey the gospel cfJe Christ. 1 tell him that h? has otlended Goi, j injured his neighbour, that he has r.-: a ri ! hold a farthing or a fraction. cf all t! possession. " . Th.e moment, he rep:.:; 1 si;!, and in the sdht cf God rem;::,--, r'i r: this prop-rty, ntid h--.!.! s it t;-;!y fr V e - iot their cendi 1 r; I s -in carcaitty hearts t: GoJ. nr ' ! ! y will c 3 1: ( : t in i - i ' " "' t fen the f r ' - v ) v Till; ;: ThoB.:':im::t tw.. tr: at!-..-' 1 1 tl . res Tie r.v. V c f o : -'.ites r.. ( I wo: 1 , 1 u hieli 1, 1 1 i.:iwa::s i-i i.r theli:.' a t ' ." t r.' 'tr 1 ' ends cf the : ful, he may t?si - tr1-- 1 c ; to his tl.ii' t ia J cf i Its ' t ii; 1:1 truct: : .1 i:;- I ........ nt chara - ' 1 " a m l-:hty and cer h.airnmion it cemtn'mi- :ters cp-n papr fcj that '" : ' the re-f erd cf , ; x 1 - f- -- 1 r0:,. - ' the rightful in d di?h: p'e tr.ay l- ovvue a wo. I.r 1 . But fti t i r, cci raucteu u res! t! suatcient reason for disobeying 'bi'rn forever. 1 ' physical act to w hich his commandment trnd-, f a any respects out of our power, we arc to art honestly and in his fear,-from the principle of ole dieree, rind rcmsvo r.s fir as possible, every nh.in.: , , j j own 1 t.. 1 2 ;l:n !;3 will rue Another may live a 1 tit i ho uiii rennre Ins nu--t directly and safely rec The prwp:-rty cf another may hy heirs ; t: th,??3 he will r s 1 a r.s: is: th "en i: to 1L3 i t c rr : cle f! coin- v , t him as v. . :r the first th. t v; ) ich it u;3 the state cf :J a part. aile. ".nich to lion of slavery I r , use the same manner rfr:t : obc Jicnce of tho ' ; learn from the manner t 1 reconiplibhhu uloh- " 3 are at liberty to i 5 . to far as our cir- ,1, r 1 O' w . . "Biblical Repcsitorj-, before cite imy ta 1 . ovvri i.anus all rieht to i not f r ft:i c:; !: ' ; j bring the better r : re:': ot t I do ;.i : it. If 1- o!!oe; an; vene, if becau , ll. . of his loss, if t":c: : 1 t ome t; In to, ie i t3 o!. cf :i ... . I . . h . . 1 , .1 4 9 i 'it s. - I ' I. . I-1 I . 1 I I - - v 4 - t 1 h? rcsolrc the. I he 1. i i 4 i
The Biblical Recorder (Raleigh, N.C.)
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March 29, 1845, edition 1
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