.
Saturday; e!ruary i, "si
PACE TWO
THE DAILY TAR HEEL
UNC Must Reassert Her
Leadership In A New Age
r
rnivtiVitus. s;iys Dr. Robert
M.iynaul Iluuliins with character
istic scorn lor academic icons, have
ceased to be "(enters of independ
ent thought and criticism."
The ainpc enfant terrilile of
higher education goes ever fur
ther. Their decadence is so jmr
itotmccd, he declares, tliat "it would
le simpler and more hopeful to
cstahlish new institutions . . . than
to 1 1 v tiTorm the universities to
the extent that would he required."
It may he unsettling to. some
Tar Heels that Dr. Hutchins re
in. uks were made not in one of
the walnut lined cubicles of the
Fund for the Republic, which he
now heads, but on the campus of
the University of North Carolina
that most hallowed of all southern
tenters of independent thought
and criticism.
Whatever diclaimets he might
have inserted toncernin the ex
lusion of "picscut company," Dr.
Ilunhius his made a oint that
.should tumble Chapel Hill as deep
ly as. s.iv, Ann Aibor. Hcikeley or
( lamhridge.
The I'niveisitv of North Caro
lina still enjoys worldwide respect
as a tenter of southern enlighten
ment. Its reputation as a rallying
point lor teason in social, econo
mic and tatial inquiry is without
c-4iti.it below the Mason-Dixon line.
The plain fact is. however, that
the I'niversitv made its reputation
during the turbulent Thirties at a
time when ninth of America was
suit ken with a social conscience.
It has not bolsteied that reputation
in utent veais with anything re
sembling the noteworthy accom
plishments of those earlier days of
t nua.;e and t aiulor.
I hat is not to say that the t'ni
vcisiiv ot North Caiolina is no
longer a me.it university or even
that t is no longer a leader in
vsli.it is occasionally refeueel to.
jilcasjntK. .is i he sovubevn ven.iUs
.iiite. It is .ill of these things and
mote. I 1 1 1 it is no longer demon
.sti.iting the same dauntless atti
tudes and intellectual curiosity a
bout the new New South of the
late U)-,os as it did about the old
New .South of the mid-iu;;os.
lor one thing, the I'lmnsity
, Inks a stumg liginc aioimd whom
to lallv.
In the Uj '.os thete vvcie Howaid
V. O.lmn and Flank Potter (ia-
h.im.
It nas (Mum vTio. with talented
and deditated associates and the
The Daily Tar Heel
Thi; official student pablicar.on A th
Publication Board of the University of
North Carolina, where U Is published
daily except Sunday, Monday and exam
ination and vacation period? and sum
mer terns. Entered as lecOnd class mat
ter in the post office in Chapel lill,
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$3 50 a semester.
Kditor
DOUG BLSELE
A?sociatc Editor FRANK CROWTIIER
Mlmajingditor ALYS VOORIEEES
News Editor PAUL RULE
Asst. News Editor
ANN FRYE
Sport3 Editor
BILL KING
Asst. Sports Editor
DAVE WD3LE
Cord Editor
JOAN BROCK
Feature Editor
MARY M. MASON
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ston, Gail Godwin.
NEWS STAFF Davis Young, Ann Fryc,
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BUSINESS ST A FT Walker Blanton,
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Proof Reader
PEBLEY BARROW
Night Editor
PEBLEY BARROW
aid of Rockefeller money, carried
on a monumental series of studies
of the South which was to culmin
ate in the publication of Southern
Regions Of The United States in
1936 by the University of North
Carolina Press. It was at Chapel
Hill that sociologists dared to un
dertake studies of the Negro, his
psychology as well as his sociology:
of the sharecropper and his plight:
of the cotton fanner in general: of
cotton altogether; of the wasted re
sources of the South: of the his
torical myths that blocked the re
gion's progress and prosperity.
It was after such trailblazing re
search ami bold leadership that
the late W. J. Cash was able to
write in The Mind of The South
"that a decisive breach had been
tnadc in the savage ideal, in the
historical solidity and rigidly en
acted uniformity of the South that
the modern mind had been estab
lished within the gates, and that
here at long last there was spring
ing up in the South a growing
body of men small enough when
set against the mass of the South
but vastly large when set against
anything of the kind which had
ever existed in Dixie before who
had broken fully or largely out of
that pattern described by Henry
Adams in the case of Rooney Lee
and fixed by Reconstruction: men
who deliberately chose to know
and think rather than merely to
feel in terms fixed finally by sou
thern patriotism and the prejud
ices associated with it: men capable
of detachment and actively en
gaged in analysis and criticism ot
the South itself."
It is easy to argue that the prin
cipal battles were won during the
Thirties, that the University's in
spirational leadership provided the
breakthrough and that forces to
sense and sanity rose up all oer
the South to establish a new order
based upon a realistic appraisal ot
leal anil imagined problems.
Hut this is to say that Dixie's
house is in order, that no new
hobgoblins of the spirit have re
placed those of the Thirties, that
a massive social and economic: crisis
hardly exists at all.
That is not the wa the woild
woiks and it is not the way the
South works, either.
Festering in Dixie today aie pio
blems and issues of terrifying com
plexity. They involve the status ol
the Negro, the future of apicul
ture, the ellec t on the economy ol
a sudden postwar wave ol indust
rialization, the terrible necessity
of regional planning, the continu
ing waste of great natural resotuccs.
the lingering poverty of many of
the South's people, the strengths
and weaknesses in southern in
stitutions and folklore, the social
and economic frontiers still to be
pcnetiated, the swift changes in the
regional culture that war, depres
sion and finally piosperity have
brought about and, most iniport
and, a new and realistic inventory
of the actualities of what is to be
done.
The battles have not been won.
Vet all around us guardians of the
status cpio are practicing, with
windy evocations of the past, the
same old immutability, the same
old obstinance. There is a terrified
truculence toward even the evolu
tionary changes common to a dyna
mic society because these changes
are either misunderstood or dis
trusted. This condition confronts the
University can no longer afford to
live in the glow of past triumphs.
It has an obligation to mobilize
its forces and act, to rise above
complacency and illusion.
Exploration of the socio-econo
mic condition of the South today
will require fully as much courage,
candor, independent thought and
constructive criticism as was the
case in the Thirties. If anything,
it will require more, for certain
aged-in-anguish orthodoxies have
not been recently challenged in
North Carolina. They have grown
wild and weedy for a decade.
The leadership in this great ad
venture must come from a young,
eminently promising but still un
tested inheritor of the mantle of
Frank Porter Graham. His name
is William Clyde Friday. .
WISE AND OTHERWISE:
Interviews:
Pointers For
The Graduates
By WHIT WHITFIELD
One of the most traumatic ex
periences that every graduating
senior must face eventually is the
job interview. Most of the large
companies will have representa
tives in Chapel Hill during the
next three months for this express
purpose, so it might be well to
point out some of the secrets of a
successful interview. In a word,
these secrets can be summarized
casualness. No interviewer rel
ishes the idea of facing dozens of
hyper-sensitive neurotics. Relax.
Remember to report to your in
terview just a few minutes late.
Show him that you're not a mach
ine whose life is regulated by a
clock. Make him realize that
you're human.
Look casual. White bucks, kha
kis, and a sweater, plus a day's
growth on your face will suffice.
Light up a cigarette, but remem
ber to offer him one. (This is im
portant.) Don't speak unless spoken to.
Give him that "what can you do
for me" smile. If he offers his
hand for an introductory shake,
give him the squeeze. Don't let
him think you're a softy. Business
needs a strong hand these days.
Don't put your feet on the desk
unless he does. This is a hallmark
of casualness. but you don't want
to overdo it. If you chew tobacco
or gum. be sure to offer him some.
Don't be surprised by some of
the questions he asks, even though
you may consider some of then)
quite personal. Answer in a sub
dued yes or no. Don't give him the
idea that you're a talkative sort.
Change the intonation of your an
swers so that he may see the vari
ety of talents you have.
If the interviewer should ask
you point blank about your 'accom
plishments on your possible as
sets for his company, blow your
own horn. Tell him how good you
are. Don't be modest. This may
be the last chance he will have
to see you.
Jf lie should ak why your aca
demic average is so low. tell him
that most of the faculty were in
a conspiracy against you because
of your intellect. Not being a mem
ber of this sacred in-group, the
company representative will sym
pathize with you.
lie sure to ask what the start
ing salary is at his company. Let
him know that you're not avail
able if the salary is low. This will
elicit a favorable response, and
he will admire you for your high
standards.
Don't stay longer than you had
intended; your time is valuable.
Then ,he may have something else
to do also. Give him another of
your super shakes and smile. You
cinched the job.
"Everybody, Now In The Good Old Summit Time,
In The Good Old Summit Time"
GOETTINGEN LETTER
'ViV "TV "? i
i9jr& '&e! wAitlHf'ro voir
VIEW FROM THE HILL
News Of Exam Period Analyzed
Iiy CLUTIS GAS'S
Examination time is a time for
getting behind on the news. The
following series of brief opinions
will summarize some of the more
important, to this writer happen
ings during the examination pe
riod. In the realm of foreign affairs
the U. S. received a distinct ami
deserved slap in the face on the
island of Okinawa.
Karlier this yea-, the U. S. in
fluence in Okinawa was shown as
being on the decline when the
citizens of the town of Naha elect
ed a Communist mayor.
U. S. officials in the area found
a way of disqualifying the man for
the post, and set up a new election.
There were two candidates for the
office of Mayor of Naha. Both
were anti-American. The Okin
awans voted overwhelmingly for
.the one who expressed the most
v ohemont anti-American senti
ments. It should by now be evident that
American influence in the politi
cal affairs of foreign peoples is
not only wrong, but unprofitable.
What the U. S. stands to lose is
one of its most important air force
bases in the Far East. It further
stands to lose an ally, and could
conceivably drive the Okinawau
people into Communist hands.
The U. S. would not welcome in
terference by other nations into
its own governmental processes.
It had better expect the same type
of cold reception at any time it
tries to interfere in the govern
mental processes of other nations.
Again the U. S. must keep the
ideal of self government and self
determination in mind when it
deals with the people of other na-tions.
The Vanguard project received
its obituary notice, when difficul
ties forced test postponement, and
made the Army's Jupiter-C mis
sile the probable first U. S. satel
lite carrier.
The significance of this is that
the difficulties of inter-service
rivalry became all too apparent.
In the Vanguard the U. S. de
veloped a highly specialized vehi
cle capable of putting a small
satellite aloft. It in no way would
have been able to put aloft a satel
lite containing a dog or anything
much heavier than the twenty
pound satellite it was designed for.
Hence, when Russia put Laika
aloft in Sputnik II, the Vanguard
project was outdated. Moreover,
the difficulties in Vanguard could
have been ironed out much earlier
if the resources of the scientist
on the other programs could be
used in combination with the Van
guard people for all the projects.
Vanguard might not have been the
dismal failure that it turned out
to be. with all the added accoutre
ments of loss of prestige.
In the field of missiles the gov
ernment has gotten a little wisdom
in at least one field, when it plan
ned to go full speed ahead on the
Polaris project, which, as it is a
missile to be fired from a sub
marine and hence is mobile, rep
resents the U. S.'s best chance of
stopping the Russian challenge. It
depends on whether the U. S.
effort is in time and quantity
enough to beat the Russian challenge.
This columnist did a little re
search for examinations and found
out that in 145 the U. S. spent 100
billion dollars, 80 billion of which
went to the military establishment.
This effort was made so that the
U. S. might win the war in Europe
and the Far East.
Currently, the U. S. is spending
74 billion dollars of which 39 bil
lion dollars goes to the defense
establishment. Add the factor of
the value of the dollar in 1958 in
comparison to the value of the dol
lar in 1945. and one finds that the
U. S. is spending approximately
one-third of its 1945 defense ex
penditure and two-thirds of its 1945
overall expenditure in order to
preserve the peace and keep
America free.
It is high time that the Ameri
can people were forced to realize
that preserving peace and safety
is as important or more important
than winning a war.
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19
German Fraternitieii:
Mixture Of Beer, Blood
By DAVE DAVIS
Since 1815 "Korporationen" (fraternities or stu
dent societies) have existed on the campuses of Ger
man universities. About 40,000 of the over 150,000
university students are members of these organiza
tions, which, similar to Airerican fraternities, pro
pose to promote feelings of comradeship and broth
erhood among their members. The fraternity house,
the athletic teams, the parties, the dances and the
horseplay are all there, but there are several im
portant differences which distinguish the German
Korporationen from the American fraternities.
The. most romantic and famous type of Burschen
schaft, (Brotherhood) are the "pauken" or dueling
societies. Steeped in years of tradition, the mem
bers of these societies still engage in the fencing
with swords which became popular during the age
of Otto von Bismark (himself a Korporation mem
ber here at Goettingen). The members of these so
cieties can be recognized by their brightly colored
caps and chest bands which they wear to distinguish
themselves from other students. The main elected
officers are called by the titles "X-l," "X-2", "X-3",
etc. For special occasions such as the Konvent
(chapter meeting) special uniforms modelled after
the. military garb of the time of Frederich the Great
are worn. The names of the groups, too, are remi
niscent of the old days, Frisia, Germania, Allemania,
Borussia, and Franconia beuig several examples.
Selection to these societies is similar to that in
an American fraternity. Only a minority is chosen.
However, the son of an Alte Herrn ((an alumnus) is
more readily received. Some boys seek members aip
frv the Korporationen in hopes of getting a better
job after graduation, for membership is a life-time
thing and the older members are usually willing
to help their younger successors. This feeling of
brotherhood, is quite strong, particularly due to the
fact that the fraternities are local and not national.
Each Korporation has only a single chapter, but the
members of a family would all belong to the same
one in order.. that the tradition be more fully car
ried out
Before one can become an active member, one
must serve about a one year's term as a fuchs ("fox"
or pledge). During this period he will carry out
many duties, the most important being fencing prac
tice, that he may one day prove his worth auf der
Mensur. (that is, in a duel against a member of an
other such group). I was able to be present at such
an event and will describe it as best I can.
4
The event took place on a Saturday morning in
a Pauklokale ((banquet room in an inn) on the out-- -skirts
of Goettingen. About 200 members of various
fraternities were present to witness a slate of seven
scheduled matches which were to take place. Wom
en and alcohol were barred from the scene. The.
first two combatants, of approximately equal size,, s
and skill, took their places a swords length apart,
to await the announcement of their bout. Their
necks, chests, and right arms were protected by,
heavy thick padding, and their eyes and nose by a "
heavy metal guard. They were each armed with a
three-foot epee which was sharpened for about six"
inches from the point. Two armed seconds were
standing nearby to assist in the proceedings. A '
physician and the referee, an experienced swords
man, were also present. The referee announced the
two combatants and Korporationen, and called for
the party to begin. The first second yelled, "Hoch,"
bitte!" and the men raised their swords. The other 0
second answered, "Sie liegen aus!" (you begin), and
at the word, "Los!", the first swordsman attempted
to slash the opponent on the top of the head or on '
the cheek. The opponent parried, then tried to re-1
turn a blow. After four blows, a round was ended;'"
For thirty rounds the swordsmen fought on, each
standing perfectly still, moving no part of their '
bodies except their right arms; any ducking move-:
ment or a show of fear or pain would be sign of
womanliness, and could mean expulsion from the'f
group. At the end of the thirty rounds, each of the :
combatants had several cuts on their heads and '
faces, which were soon sewn up by the doctor. The
boys will wear these scars proudly, as a sign that
they have proved their courage auf der Mensur.
That night the Brueder (brothers) celebrated the .
courage of their new members with a Kneipe (beer
blast). The Kneipe began about 8 o'clock at night :
in the banquet hall of the Verbindungshaus (fra-,
ternity house). The brothers and guests from many -other
fraternities, all dressed in colors, took their
places before large steins of beer. The "X-l" began
the ceremonies banging his sword loudly on the?
table to call for order, and then proposed a toast to .
the Heimatland (home country) which he hoped
would soon be re-united. All the brothers followed;
course, drinking down an entire stein. The famousi
German drinking songs soon filled the air. During -the
course of the evening every blow of the mcrn-,
ings matches were discussed, and then re-discussed
by the Alte Herren who compared these with those
in the old days. And the custom is at the Kneipe,
when you catch the eye of someone sitting at an
other table, to drink a toast to his health. p.
Another interesting diversion of the German fra-'
ternities is the customary Sunday afternoon Exbum-r
meln. This is a trip on foot which all of the fra
ternity brothers make together, usually to some out-v
lying tavern or inn where coffee and cakes or beer
will be taken, and the important topics of the dayi
discussed.
The fraternity members are in general, like most ;
Germans, intensely interested in political affairs.
Although they have no definite general commit-'
ment, they are as a whole extremely anti-Commu-1
nist, and the majority being supporters of the Ade
nauer government They still remain in contact
with their brothers in the Soviet zone, and have as
their general theme "The Re-unification of Ger
many." Although all Germans do not agree with"
the Korporationen about many things, they, make
no pretenses in supporting them in this.