Newspapers / The Roanoke Beacon and … / Aug. 10, 1917, edition 1 / Page 6
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D WHEATLESS RATION (From the United States Department of Agriculture.) With wheat so high, poultrymen will be interested to learn that on the United States department of agricul ture experiment farm excellent egg laying results were secured with a wheatless ration. Thirty Leghorn pul lets to which this ration has been fed for one and a half years produced aa average of 147.3 eggs per hen for the pullet year. This compares favor ably with egg yields secured on other rations containing wheat and there fore more expensive. This pen, more over, during the first 16 weeks of its second year has averaged 28.5 eggs per hen, 17.5 eggs per hen being pro duced in March. The same wheatless ration has been fed since last November to a pen of J3uff Orpington pullets, which have laid 53 eggs ptr hen in 20 weeks and hold the highest egg record of any of the large feeding pens of pullets at the farm this year. Two other pens, llbwever, are less than one egg per hen behind this pen. The ration used was trn frllows: Scratch Mlxure. I Dry Mash. 2 pounds cracked cerir 3 pounds corn meal 1 pound oats ! 1 pound beef scrap The scratch mixture was fed sparing ly, so that the hens ate about equal FEED- HENS FOR EGGS Problem Requires Good Judgment and Keen Observation . Fowls Should Have Foods High In Food Elements Found In Eggs Whole Grain Ration Is Not to Be Recommended. (By B. L. KEMPSTER. Missouri College of Agriculture.) A hen laying 200 eggs in a year is not at all unusual. A four-pound hen laying this number will produce six times her weight In eggs. To do this she will require from 70 to 80 pounds of feed. For economical production it is necessary (1) that the food be properly selected, (2) that It be fed in correct proportion and in a Judicious manner in order that her digestive or gans may be kept in good condition, (3) that she be fed enough so that she tas plenty of surplus for egg produc tion. The problems of poultry feeding re quire good judgment and keen observa tion. Hens fed for egg production should have foods high in the food ele ments which are found in eggs. Those fed in the fattening pens should have the foods which most economically pro duce fat. The best ration, then, is the one which supplies most economically the food requirements of the bird for the purpose for which it is kept. It should be remembered that one of the principles of poultry feeding is that the hen cannot do well if fed on a wnoie grain ration. iui omy uuea a ration of grain fail to furnish the proper food nutrients, but such a ra tion is difficult for the bird to digest properly. The great fault with the farmer in his poultry feeding is that he attempts to feed a whole grain ra tion, and generally only one grain at that. Such a ration results in poor egg production and also causes diges tive disorders and liver and kidney troubles. Complaints of this kind fre quently come to the department of poultry husbandry and a suggested change In the ration has usually re sulted In the elimination of the trou ble. Efficient digestion demands a combination of whole and ground grains. A ration should consist of grains and ground feeds. Generally speaking, twice as much grain should be consumed as ground feed. This depends, of course, upon the nature of the foods fed. A good ration for egg production can be made with & combination of grains I and ground feeds. For grains, equal i parts by weight of wheat, corn, or In . IMP I I i t t 1 1 1 III t7 IWlVt? 3 "iUtU Wl LI WO wheat, may be used. For ground feed, " u mixture of equal parts of bran, shorts, and cornmeal may be used. h.T jf ficlent egg production requires also - that this ration be supplemented with SINGLE-COMB WHITE LEGHORN COCKEREL. 3 FAVORED FOR HENS parts of this mixture and of the dry masn. The total grain consumption of feed for the year, was 52 pounds, or which 26 pounds was scratch mix ture. Throughout the year it took 4.0 pounds of feed to produce a dozen eggs. This scratch mixture, with wheat $2.57, cracked corn $1.35, and oats 70 cents per bushel, is 49 cents per hun dred pounds cheaper than the regular mixture of equal parts cracked corn, wheat and oats. Another mash which is slightly cheaper than this one Is made of 4 per cent each bran and mid dlings, 26 per cent beef scrap, and 60 per cent cornmeal. If the wheat is omitted from the ra tion, it is very essential to feed a con- I siderable proportion of beef scrap in the mash, but with present prices beef scrap is one of the cheapest poultry feeds, considering its high protein con tent, and its adaptability as an effec tive weight-making combination feed. These experiments, the specialists say, prove that wheat is not essential in an egg-laying ration and that excel lent results can be secured by using corn and oats as a scratch mixture, provided that this Is fed with a good mash feed containing 25 per cent beef scrap. either sour milk all that the birds will drink or in case sour milk is not available, commercial beef scrap. One fourth of the ground feed should con sist of beef scrap in case this Is used. The importance of keeping grit and oyster shell before the birds at all times cannot be overestimated and is especially Important during the win ter months. DISEASE OF LITTLE CHICKS Adverse Weather Conditions Have Made Diarrhea More Prevalent This Year Than Usual. Fight diarrhea among young chlc!cs ! The loss of chicks from bowel trou ble is greater than the loss from all other diseases combined, asserts Itoss M. Sherwood, acting head of the de partment of poultry husbandry In the Kansas State Agricultural college. Ad verse weather conditions have made this trouble more prevalent this year than usual. Infection usually occurs within a day or two after hatching, Mr. Sher wood pointed out. Death may come within the first few days. The chicks present a droopy, sleepy appearance. The eyes are closed and the young birds huddle together and peep much of the time. An intestinal discharge adhering to the fluff of the vent Is no ticed. The cause of diarrhea Is attributed to improper methods of handling the chicks and the insanitary condition of surroundings. Generally the young chicks are chilled or overheated before they are hatched. Later they are over fed. An intestinal antiseptic, consisting of a water solution of copper sulphate one-half teaspoonful dissolved In one gallon of water should be kept before the chicks at all times. Chicks two or three weeks of age seldom develop the acute form of this trouble. Where infection does occur and treatment is given the disease becomes less acute after two weeks. RATION FOR EGG PRODUCTION Equal Parts by Weight of Wheat and Corn Is Recommended Give Sour Milk or Beef Scrap. A good ration for egg production can be made with a combination of grains and ground feeds. For grains, equal parts by weight of wheat and corn, r in the winter time twice as much corn as wheat may be used. For ground feed, a mixture of equal parts of bran, shorts and cornmeal may be used. Efficient egg produc tion requires also that this ration be supplemented with either sour milk all that the birds will drink or in case sour milk Is not available, com mercial beef scrap. One-fourth of the ground feed should consist of beef scrap in case this is used. ' ! IAIRI UVE ST0CK PR0DUCTI0N IN THE S0UTH jjfjjER'S 11 J11 I I MCAROHI ? i 'h.0)L ill Ml l3Mlfi Xf "" MILK BREEDS ARE nnwiPARFn I Ifc v Vliffka Average Percentage of Fat In Guern sey Milk Is 5.16 and That of Holsteln Is 3.42. The average per cent of solids in Guernsey milk is 14.71 and in Holsteln milk 11.85. The average percentage of fat in Guernsey milk is 5.16 and In flolstein milk 3.42. The percentage of solids taken from the milk when separated approximates four-fifths of the amount of fat removed. This be- A Very Promising Heifer. lng the case, the average sample of Guernsey skim milk will contain about 10.5 per cent solids and the average sample of Holsteln skim milk will con tain a little over 9 per cent solids. The solid matter In a sample of skim milk from either of these breeds will be divided as follows: Sugar, 50 per cent; proteins, 35 per cent; ash, 13.75 per cent, and fat, 1.25 per cent. SUMMER DISEASE OF CATTLE "Pinkeye" Is Especially Troublesome During Hot Weather Sometimes Results in Blindness. "Pinkeye" of cattle is a common disease, especially during summer months, and sometimes results in total blindness. It Is undoubtedly Infec tious, and Is believed to spread from one animal to another through the medium of flies. The disease runs its course in ten days or two weeks, af fecting one or both eyes. A profuse flowing of tears is the first evidence of the attack. The ani mal keeps the eye constantly closed, for It Is very sensitive to light. Grad ually a film seems to form over the eye and the ball becomes clouded. Care at this time Is very necessary and may save the -animal from blind ness. Confinement In a comfortable stall with all light excluded Is the best. Laxative food will put the anl- mnl in priori ponillHon tn wnrrt nff Complications. If flies are allowed to ' irritate the sore eyes they will prob ably spread the Infection to other ani mals. Bathing the eyes in a strong solu tion of boric acid is a treatment eas ily applied and generally effective. A better method Is to place a few drops of the following mixture in the eyes with a dropper: One-half grain of zinc sulphate, ten grams of boric acid and one ounce of distilled water. PRACTICE OF SKIMMING MILK To Secure Best Results It Is Best to Skim and Milk and Churn Cream, Says Clemson. Experience has shown that in gen eral practice the churning of whole milk results In butter of a poorer fat in the buttermilk than If cream Is churned, says Clemson Agricultural college of South Carolina. It Is there fore best to skim the milk and churn the cream. The best way to skim the milk is by means of a separator. A farmer who has only two or three cows, but no separator, may put the milk Into deep, narrow cans (shotgun cans) and set them in cold water, and when the cream rises It can be re moved with a shallow spoon. Where this system is used It usually takes about 12 to 18 hours for all the cream to rise. Care should be taken to keep the milk cold, in order to make the cream rise rapidly. The old method of setting the milk In shallow pans should not be used, as the cream does not rise so completely as when set In deep cans in cold water; furthermore, the quality of the cream Is not so good and there are more vessels to wash and care for. DESTROYING ODORS AND CUGS Fresh Air and Sunshine Is Death to Both Place Utensils Where Sun Will Strike Them. Fresh air and sunshine being death both to odors and to "bugs," there Is a close relationship between clean milk and sunning of milk utensils. Do not stopper the cans when setting them out to sun. Let the air work in and out. Choose a place to set them where the sun shines upon them most directly. Turn them bottom side up to keep 4ust out of them more effectively and possibly rain. Nature will then do her share toward freeing the milk can from taint. She will ma terially lessen the number of bacteria hiding withiD ! I 1 :i,7. V"..S'V.' 1 ilM : : i i 1 ls 1 I It V . I FINE BUNCH OF BEEF CATTLE ON SOUTHERN FARM. (From the United States Department of Agriculture.) r.etter marketing facilities are es sential to the Increase In live-stock production in the South, which is de sirable from every point of view. Vari ous methods of improving the present situation In this respect have been tried out, and the most promising ones are discussed in a new publication of the United States department of agri culture, Farmers' Bulletin 809. Among the most important are the organlza- tion of co-operative shipping and mar- keting clubs and of local live-stock btiylng companies, the establishment of local packing houses, the custom of holding live-stock sales on advertised dates, and the use of local Ice plants in curing farm meat. Of these, says the bulletin already mentioned, co-operative shipping is the one that Is being most generally adopt ted In the United States. Associations for this purpose have met with marked success In the middle West and are j equally well adopted to conditions lu some parts of the South. They enable the small producer to ship his animals to centralized live-stock markets at no greater cost for transportation than is paid by the dealer who ships In car load lots. In this way the farmer Is made Independent of local buyers. An other great advantage of such associa tions Is that they are simple In or ganization and require no capital to do business, because the farmers are not paid for their stock until the returns from the shipment are received. Market for Stock. In one Mississippi city the board of trade has created a somewhat more complex organization In order to pro vide the farmers of the surrounding country with a good local market for their live-stock throughout the year. A "farmers' stockyards company" has been organized with a paid-in capital of $2,500, provided by local business men, In the hope of Increasing the pro duction of live stock in the section. No dividends are paid and the operat lng expenses, of the company are re duced to a minimum. On two days of each week throughout the year the company buys live stock for cash In any sized lots, at prices which are the equivalent of those prevailing at the large centralized markets less the cost of sending the animals to these mar- Superior Beef Type. kets. The Immediate result of this movement. It is said, has been higher prices paid by local butchers and their willingness to pay cash for live stock Instead of Insisting that payment be made by extending credit to the pro ducer. Incidentally the operations of the company have shown that live stock can be bought and shipped to the large markets, and a number of pri vate dealers have, undertaken to com pete with the company. This has stimulated live-stock production In the surrounding country. Clemson College Plan. Another plan adopted by the Clem son Agricultural college In South Caro lina and the United States department of agriculture, which has been co-operating with the college in the encourage ment of live-stock production, Is the establishment of set market days at places accessible to the farmers feed ing cattle. When this plan was first Instituted arrangements were made to bring to the sales buyer from Northern markets. The results have proved very satisfactory, cattle frequently netting from one-half to one cent more' per Dound than local buyers offer. !m ,: ..... fVM 'T 1 3 These and similar methods are de signed to afford the farmer easy access to the large outside markets. Without them he Is practically dependent on the local butcher and the local dealer or shipper. In soiling to the butcher, frequently little or no attention Is paid to market conditions. Hogs and cattle are slaughtered on numerous farms when the weather turns cool, with the result that the market is glutted. This means low prices, which the farmer " "Tut uUU3C l"e ""- " iana, for example, It was found that each time It grew cool eight or ten dressed hogs were offered for sale when the demand called for no more than one or two. Home Curing of Meat. To some extent a remedy for this situation may be found in better meth ods of curing meat at home and also hy taking advantage of the refrigera tion facilities afforded by local Ice plants. Experience has shown that it Is practicable for the average South ern farmer to cure the pork needed for immediate home use, and the possibil ity of marketing hogs In the form of cured meats Is worthy of considera tion. Some form of refrigeration, how ever, will greatly aid In safeguarding the curing process. This may be sup plied either in private meat-curing houses or In a community meat-curing house, or by taking the meat to a local Ice plant to be cure''. A recent experi ment has shown that in a small meat curing house In southern Georgia the cost of curing the meat was not more than three-fourths of a cent a pound, Including the cost of the Ice. On the other hand, a number of ice companies curing meat for farmers charge 1 cent a pound for curing, 2 cents for cur ing and smoking, and 3 cents for cur ing, smoking and wrapping. Some ice plants prefer to buy the hogs outright from the farmer and sell the cured products on their own account. A no ticeable effect of this practice Is to in crease the number of hogs produced, because of the comparative certainty that a fairly profitable market will be found for them. PROTECT SHEEP FROM DOGS Canines Which Destroy Farmers' Flocks Should Either Be Muzzled or Killed Outright. Town dogs which make war on the farmers' sheep should either be muz zled or killed. Thousands of sheep are killed In this way every year and farmers are discouraged from growing wool and mutton. Local and state of ficers should see to It that the sheep of the farmers are protected, especial ly. at this time. The wool supply must be Increased if the armies and the people are to be properly clothed. RESIN STICKER VERY USEFUL Trouble May Be Obviated Where Spray Materials Do Not Adhere Well to Some Plants. Spray materials do not adhere well to some plants, such as the onion and cabbage. This trouble may be obviated by the use of a "sticker." Resin stick er may be made by boiling In the open two pounds of resin and one pound of sal soda crystals In one gallon of water until the solution turns a clear brown color. This amount of material may be added to 50 gallons of bordeaux mixture. ROTATING COTTON AND PEAS Plan to Overcome Wilt by Planting Cowpeas Latter Is Immune to Fungus Disease. Rotating cotton with the Iron cow pea will overcome cotton wilt, as the oowpea Is Immun to the fungus that Induces the wilt, and causes it to'dle out. A wilt-resistant cotton has been found, within the last five years, that can be grown with profit under boll weevll conditions. BROOD SOW NEEDS EXERCISE Animal Should Not Be Kept Too Close ly Housed Comfortable Bed and Ventilation, The brood sow must have plenty of exercise. Do not keep her too closely housed. Be sure she has a comfortable bed and that the hoghouse Is well ven tllated. It will not Injure brood sowe to do a little rustling for feed. KODAKS DEVELOPING All roll films developed 10c. Prints 3 to r 5 eta. Prompt attention to mailorders. 1 B. O. BERNAU, Greensboro, N. C. MALARIA Chills and Fever. Biliousness, Constipation and ailments requiring a TOHIC treatment! GUARANTEED and made bt BehrensDrug Co "QIC, JX. Sold CA7 A lVyf T Is not recommended for O YV r.airm everything; but If you PflHT have kidney, liver or Jxvyv-' A bladder trouble It may be found just the medicine you need. At druggists in fifty-cent and dollar sizes. You may receive a sample size bottle of this reliable medicine by Parcel Post, al so pamphlet telling about It. Address Dr. Kilmer & Co., Blnghamton, N. Y., and enclose ten cents, also men tion this paper. , THE UnUWtLL S AHAf SrilUM for MORPHINE and ALCOHOLIC ADDICTIONS Methods safe and successful. A hiph class plae oomblulno the facilities of a sanatorium with com fort ana freedom of a prlTa'e borne. Individual treatment. Onr method renders the treatment of MORPHINISM as painless as an operation. Write for reserved room. Terms I1Z5.U0. e N. Caldwell St. CHARLOTTE. N. C KODAKS & SUPPLIES We also do highest class of finishing'. Prices and Catalogue upon request. S. Galeiki Optical Co., Richmond, Va. An Enterprise Abandoned. "I thought you were determined to turn the swords Into plowshares." "I reconsidered. A sword doesn't cut much of a figure In modern war fare, anyhow.". You never can know how superior to oth er preparations in promptness and efficien cy is Dr. Teery's "Dead Shot" until you have tried it once. A single dose cleans out Worms or Tapeworm. Adv. Took Him Literally. A clergyman in a remote part of the Scottish Highlands was speaking at length to his congregation of the many things round us that are shroud ed in mystery and of which we know; little. As he warmed to this theme, he became eloquent, and frequently re peated the oft-quoted saying of Goethe: "More light! Oh, for light!" His surprise may be Imagined, says the Scottish American, when, after one of these utterances, the old beadle, who had been dozing since the ' com mencement of the sermon, woke with a start, then got up, tiptoed softly into the vestry,' seized two additional can dles and, ascending the pulpit stairs, placed them beside the two already there, and In a loud whisper, heard all over the church, exclaimed : "Ye maun do wi' these, for there's nae malr !" Youth's Companion. Making 'Em Bite. A street car passenger stooped to pick up something from the floor. "Who has lost a dime?" he asked. At once half a dozen passengers be gan fumbling In their pockets, until one of them held out his hand and declared that he had dropped the coin. "Does it bear the date 1SG0?" In quired the finder. "Yes, cartainly." "Is one side rather worn?" "Just so." "Here you are, then," said the finder and handed him a trousers button. After the field is plowed come th harrowing details. A Perfect Day should end as well as begin with a perfect food. Bay Grape-Nuts with cream. A crisp, delicious food, containing the entire nutriment of whole wheat I and barley, including the vital mineral elements, so richly provided by Nature in these grains. Every table should have its daily ration of Grape-Nuts. There's a Reason" y tjAr- Jtf. Sold bu HI I
The Roanoke Beacon and Washington County News (Plymouth, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Aug. 10, 1917, edition 1
6
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