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BRISBANE THIS WEEK Protection Impossible The Railroad Crossings Things Are Better When Russia Is Rich Europe seeks some network of "treaties" to prevent a war, or bind armies and air fleets of each of those Signing such trea ties to protect the others In case of attack. Unfortunately, In the new war of the air, as In secret gangster war, no protection Is pos sible. Where one crim inal has an "auto matic" or "subma chine gun, agree ments among law- abiding citizens can And 'while one na- CURRENT EVENTS SS REVIEW 5 i THREE POWERS IN A UNITED FRONT AGAIN8T GERMANY; BOOM FOR McCARL. By EDWARD W. PICKARD C- Western Newspaper Union. C IX of Europe's foremost statesmen, Inku Brlaba not protect them. tlon can secretly build and suddenly launch airships with poison gas and ex plosive bombs, no city can consider It self safe. France and England, after elaborate experiments, announce that there Is no possible way of protecting a modern city against air attacks, even though the city knew In advance when to ex pect them. The only safeguard Is fear of retaliation. Deeply grieved by the killing of many school children at a public cross ing, the President plans extensive elimination of railroad grade crossings. Complete elimination of such crossings would involve spending hundreds of millions or billions. The work would be undertaken with careful concentra tion on the fact that railroading itself Is bound to change or disappear so far as transportation of passengers Is con cerned. Railroads In the future must carry passengers more than one hundred miles an hour, on light railroad equip ment, able to climb steep grades as easily as automobiles do now. Elimi nation of grade crossings will take that Into consideration and Include elimina tion of existing sharp curves at cross ings, that the work may not be done twice. Premier Flandin Dun A Bradstreet, well informed usually, gay that a big business rise Is coming. Their weekly survey In forms you that before the end of this quarter business progress will have de veloped to a degree beyond the most sanguine estimates offered at the be ginning of the year. Bow rich will the Russians become, with their energetic development of na tional resources, all over Russia and far Into Arctic regions? And what will be the effect on Com biunism, bolshevism and the proletariat when Russia becomes, as she may do, the richest nation on earth, and those that rule her become the world's rich est men, perhaps the first multiple bil lionaires ia history? Expeditions sent into the Arctic have discovered coal, nickel, zinc tin, cop per, gold and oil, all inside the Arctic circle. A regular line of freight ships has been established through the north west passage, gigantic Icebreakers go ing ahead of the freighters. Already Russia produces three times as much gold as the United States. What will be the psychological effect on Commu nism when Russia produces more gold than any other nation on earth? Gambling in silver, made Inevitable by this country pushing up the price, goes on all over the world; poor old China Is buying back at double prices silver sold too cheap, and Britain must wish she had been In less of a hurry to unload below 30 cents an ounce the hundreds of millions of ounces taken from India, when India, In a foolish moment, was put on the gold basis, only to fall off again. An old true saying tells you : "There Is some good In all evil," and this ap plies even to the deadly venom of the cobra, or "hooded snake of India." A fall discharge of the cobra's poison into the hnman body means death, while the scientific use of that poison supplies a superior substitute for morphine In diminishing pain. If yon love your British cousins, re joice. Neville Chamberlain, chancel lor of the exchequer, says British In come taxes will be cut because British finances show a substantial surplus. That surplus appears In spite of the fact that Britain Is adding more than $52,000,000 to the cost of armaments. Tour satisfaction In this good news may be Increased by jour knowledge that the United States bad the pleas ure of financing the surplus and the additional armaments to the tune ef $5,000,000,000 la war debts not paid. i . ' Senator Wheeler of Montana baa In troduced a bill ordering the national goveramear to take ever, owa and op era t the railroads of the natloa be ginning January 1, 1936. Xbera la ae doubt , that railroad atock aad bond holders would say. "Amen," M ftf could be sura of getting a fair r for their property. Railroad mac, seat, naturally, would grieve, Xa tjlve up power la always unpleasant - m. KJaa Trm S la W.NU S4TOM. with experts and secretaries, sol emnly considered peace plans and se curity pacts on Isola Bella, a lovely little island In Lake Magglore off Stresa, Italy. The conference was momentous, but It was of an "explora tory" nature, and no definite results were expected. Prime Min ister Ramsay MacDon ald and Foreign Sec retary Sir John Simon, representing Great Britain, were willing to carry out that na tion's military obliga tions under the Locarno treaty but balked at further commitment in con tinental affairs. Anyhow, they had promised to enter into no new agree ments without the consent of parlia ment, which cannot be consulted until after the Easter holidays. Premier Flandin and Foreign Minister Laval of France sought to persuade England to line up with France and Russia rather than with Germany, and they presented as one argument a new mu tual assistance pact they had Just signed with Russia. Premier Mus solini, solemn and pessimistic, ban sled matters for Italy with the help of Fulvio Suvich, undersecretary of for eign affairs. He had already warned the world that the issue of war or peace probably could not be settled at Stresa. Of course, the chief question was the attitude of other nations toward the constantly growing Pan-Germanism of the relch under Hitler, and the first concrete problem taken up was France's appeal to the League of Na tions against Germany's repudiation of the military clauses of the Versailles treaty. Premiers Mussolini and Mac Donald persuaded Flandin to moderate the tone of this protest and not to demand any specific penalty against Germany, and then all approved the note and In a resolution slapped Hitler on the wrist for halting the progress toward arms limitation. The three premiers also agreed that their nations should act in concert In promoting an Eastern Locarno, strength ening the position of Austria, Hun gary and Bulgaria, proceeding with the negotiation of an air convention, op posing unilateral repudiation of trea ties, and calling a Danubtan confer ence In May. France's memorandum as submitted to the League of Nations council when it assembled In Geneva was still a vig orously worded document, characteriz ing Hitler's military moves as "the culmination of long and methodical labors pursued In secret." The ac tion. It said, "has deliberately de stroyed one of the bases" of Ger many's collaboration with the league. "By so doing It has seriously com promised the success of International negotiations on limitation of arma ments pursued under the auspices of the League of Nations and on the basis of article VIII of the league covenant." the memorandum continued. Foreign Minister Laval, who pre sented the memorandum, recommended that Germany be "condemned" for her action, and that the league consider economic penalties against nations which, In the future, violate treaties. Berlin came back at the memoran dum with an official communique which said: "If France believes It Is necessary to recall the obligations forced on Ger many one need only to recall France's solemn and voluntary obligations In the Locarno protocol to take Immedi ate steps toward disarmament. "The statements of the French min isters for years revealed that France never seriously intended to carry out the disarmament obligations." Actually, the Stresa conference re sulted in little more than a demonstra tion of the continued solidarity of the three great powers participating. This was in a considerable measure a triumph for Mussolini, who bad ex pected nothing more, but had Insisted oa the united front Ington between labor leaders and offi cials of the three companies brought together by Secretary of Labor Per kins. The pact provides that the companies will meet with represents' tlves of any group of employees for collective bargaining. It also post pones strike action pending final court tests of orders by the national labor board that Goodyear and Firestone should hold Immediate elections for representation In collective bargaining. JUST as soon as the Presidentsays public roads and the various state highway departments are ready to Jump into the work of grade crossing elimination, the building of arterial highways and similar projects. The work relief act earmarks $800,000,000 for such undertakings, and the sum may be Increased by the President to a billion. The roads bureau already has $100,000,000 of grade crossing elim inations and other projects contracted for under authority granted by con gress last year, officials revealed, and these contracts are to be met with work-relief money. Arthur W. Brandt, president of the American Association of State High way Officials, advised a congressional committee recently that states were prepared to wipe out 4,058 dangerous crossings if as much as $461,881,500 was made available. He said $277,567, 500 of such projects could be complet ed in a year. Brandt reported also that state officials were ready to begin construction or widening and straight ening of 1,739 trunk line routes through cities at a cost of $208,782,800. States will not be'requlred to match the work-relief money set aside for highway, street and crossing construc tion. After it Is made available by the President, the fund will be apportioned among the states. PRESIDENT KOOSBVELT called Senator Pat Harrison of Mississippi to the White House for a conference concerning the veterans' bonus bill, which already has passed the house. Har rison Is chairman of the senate finance committee and the ad ministration looked to him to devise a way to spike the measure which is so objection able to the President In Its present "green back" form. Other majority leaders In congress also were busy with the problem, and it was be lieved a compromise had been found that would solve It This would be a bill providing full cash payment by 1038 and, meantime, substitution of In terest bearing negotiable bonds for the adjusted service certificates due in 1045. Senator Harrison refused to discuss In detail his conversation with Mr. Roosevelt but expressed hope and con fidence that within the next few weeks there would be a settlement of the bonus question satisfactory to all. - wl J Pat Harrison J. R. McCarl THE new mutual assistance agree ment reached by France, and Russia was at first supposed to be merely an agreement oa sanctions to be taken against an aggressor once the latter has been determined by the League of Nations. But Paris correspondents as sert that It la la effect a military alli ance such as Russia had been urging oa France and that la certain cases the signatories will determine for them selves who Is Che aggressor without waiting for word from Genera. The agreement is, of course, directed pri marily against Germany. That Russia still seeks "to maintain and strengthen the f -serai peace" was shown by the slgr' ? ef a Rasas Per sua trade treaty uich If Is believed will greatly Increase the volume ef Russia's er?r la the retch. THERE win be Be strike at present la the tire pleats ef Akroa, far the rubber workers la the Goodyear, Good rich and Flrestoa factories ratified aa agreement that was reached la Wash- JOHN R. McCARL, the able, efficient and Independent comptroller gen eral of the United States, has annoyed the New Dealers on several occasions. Now he threatens to block the plans of the AAA for lifting the re strictions on spring wheat planting and at the same time contin uing to pay the farm ers for crop reductions that would not be called for. Declaring they wished to avoid shortages due to the dust storms, the offi cials of the AAA said the farmers would be paid for the abandoned reductions in acreage If they would promise to curtail their plantings next year. Mr. McCarl asked for further information on this matter and Indicated he could not approve of the plan, though AAA men declared he had not ruled definitely against It. Chester C. Davis, AAA administrator, might not be content to abide by such a ruling if it were made, and the ad ministration might refuse to accept It Mr. McCarl, a Republican, holds his office under a law which specifies that the comptroller general shall be ap pointed to a 15-year term and can be removed only by death or hupeach ment Nevertheless Attorney General Cummlngs, It Is understood, gave It as his opinion that, like any other Presidential appointee, he could be removed at the pleasure of the Presi dent. He based this opinion on a rul ing of the Supreme court in the case of a postmaster who was ousted by President Coolidge, the court holding that the President was within his rights under Article 2 of the Consti tution. So it may be the New Dealers will seek to have Mr. McCarl ousted before his term expires in 1036, for It is feared by them that he will hamper the expenditure of the $4,880, 000,000 work relief appropriation to an extent that would greatly Irk the Dem ocratic party leaders. It Is Interesting to read that the Ne braska Progressive league, made up of liberal Republicans, Is planning the organization of "McCarl for President" clubs In that state and afterward la all others. George W. Kline, Its chair man, says he was asked to support McCarl for President In 1936 by friends of Senator George W. Norris. The comptroller . general is a graduate of the University of Nebraska law school and for years was Mr. Norris secretary. ACCUSING the federal government in Ytructhlnfrtnn of mnl ntnlnlnir m dictatorial colonial policy." the legis lators of Puerto Rico went on strike, walking out of the capitol at San Juan 36 hours before the session would automatically have ended and leaving unfinished a lot of Important legislation. The lawmakers com plained especially of methods of car rying on- relief and rehabilitation oa the Island. ANNOUNCEMENT was made by the government that It had uncovered extensive frauds In the Immigration and naturalization service from 1928 to 1933, and steps were taken for the ousting of a number of employees and for criminal prosecutions. It was es timated that a ring of bribe takers and fixers had received as much as a mil lion dollars from persons Illegally ca tering the country. National Topics Interpreted by William Bruckart National Press Building Waitvlnston, D, C. TN HIS first post-vacation confer ence with congressional leaders. President Roosevelt disregarded their fears of a prolonged session and in sisted on enactment of his legislative program. Especially he wants legisla tion dealing with extension of the NRA, social security, utilities holding J companies, extension of federal au thority over banking, ship subsidy re adjustment and extension of $416, 000,000 In nuisance taxes. Later the President conferred with Senator Joe Robinson, who said both of them felt that very satisfactory progress is being made. To the cor respondent Mr. Roosevelt said he hoped to have the work relief program at Its peak by the middle of November, at which time 3,500,000 unemployed should be at work under -Its tor ma He Indicated this program would be carried out as far as possible by ex isting governmental agencies. He will seek to avoid moving workers from one area to another, and will take care of as many "white collar" work ers as possible. The social security bill finally was produced on the floor of the house of representatives. There were several blocs against it in Its form as re ported. These Included representa tives who want higher unemployment and old age payment's; members from the poorer states, who want the fed eral government to bear the entire cost of the program, with the states re lieved of any contribution, and the conservatives, who are opposed to the "government going Into the insurance business" and exacting a pay roll tax during the depression. Washington. The true purpose of the Investigation by the senate muni tions committee ap- Light on pears to have come Nye Inquiry to light It Is seek ing the honor of drafting legislation which will give It a historical standing as the group of men who first moved to remove the Incentive of profit as provocative of war. In presenting Its proposal to this end, however, the committee Is regard ed as having "started something" which It Is unlikely can be finished by the group of Individual senators making up that committee. When the Investigating resolution was adopted by the senate, Its spon sors made much fuss about conditions In the munitions Industry. There were many speeches made by Senator Nye (Rep., N. D.) concerning the wicked ness of munitions manufacturers, and in the course of those speeches, which were made In a score of different com munities, Senator Nye announced con clusions which apparently have not been supported by evidence adduced by the committee Investigators. Fur ther, the senator announced plans to disclose alleged corruption among the munitions manufacturers and stated definitely that the purpose of the In quiry was to provide the basis for laws which would control them. Now, after seven months, we look back on the committee's record and find that It has played a game of hop-sklp-and-Jump from one subject to another and, I believe, the consensus Is that little of real value either to the senate or as public information has been developed. Since there was the minimum of pub licity resulting from the Inquiry Into munitions plants, shipbuilding yards and the aircraft Industry, the commit tee has taken another tack. Seizing upon President Roosevelt's phrase that profits must be taken out of war. Sen ator Nye and his colleagues turned their so-called "experts" loose on the track of those Illusive profits. The re sult is a piece of proposed legislation that goes beyond anything ever offered before In the way of tax legislation. Of course. It Is entirely likely that nothing at all will come of the Nye bill Insofar as Improvement of our tax ation methods Is concerned. But its radical ' and altogether unworkable character Is looked upon as necessi tating a frank examination of Its pro visions. A " Because the committee started out to Investigate the munitions Industry and notwithstanding the fact that since it has wandered all over the surface of the earth with its Inquiry there Is a widespread belief that Its tax bill will apply only to the munitions industry during war time. Such is not the case. It goes far beyond the munitions in dustry and, Indeed. It affects every corporation and every Individual with an Income of $1,000 or more. SEVEN agencies of the government are organising to combat the dam age done by the constantly recurring dust storms. They are the AAA, farm credit administration, emergency relief administration, soli erosion service, bureau of plant Industry and bureau of agricultural engineering. The efforts, officials said, will la elude shipping feed, food and water Into, the stricken areas of Texas, Okla homa, New Mexico, Kansas and Colo redo, starting work relief projects oa roads, private lands and the public do main, planting of fast-growing and hardy crops as ground cover la areas where moisture conditions permit and "listing" operations. This latter work la aa attempt to prevent soli blowing away, by making alternate ridges and furrowa, Meanwhile other officials of the same bureaus were beginning te map out permanent plana designed, they said, to prevent recurrence ef dost storms la dry periods. -? 1 ' Primary .among these was a ' pre grata -with the declared aim ef per maaently acquiring, through the AAA and relief administration, 15,000,004 acres of land before July L Such lead w1!I te retired from farm production te rover crops aad foreata aad for ase as recreation and wild-Ufa areas. The land Is il r 1 scb marginal by gov ernment c: i r'nee It la la a regies ef small annual rainfall. ' . ... 1 L a f i&mm Slit OSWALD MOSLET, chief of the British Fascists, has committed bis organization to a policy of anti-semit-Ism fully as severe as that of the Hit ler Nazis. At a riot ous meeting of bis Black Shirts in Leices ter, Mosley said: "For the first time I openly and publicly chal lenge Jewish Interests In this country. Com manding commerce, commanding the press, commanding the cin ema, dominating the city of London, they are killing Industry with their sweat shops. These great not Intimidating and will not Intim idate the Fascist movement of the modern age." Leaders of more than 200 of Chi cago's 800 Jewish organizations as sembled to indorse the campaign of the American Jewish congress for con solidation of all organised Jewish ac tion. The chief speaker was the fa mous Rabbi Stephen 8. Wise, national president and founder of the congress. In the course of his address he said: "I .want the day to come when bo Jew- shall live la Germany not one. I want the day to come although I shall not live to see It when the Jew will be a regretted memory In Ger many, Just as their presence was a Messing and aa ennoblement la every Sir Oswald Mosley , Interests are WILEY; POST is having nothing ant bad lock la his attempts te fly across the continent In the strato sphere Ib record-breaking time. Oa bis third try, starting from Burbank, CaUX. he got bs far as Lafayette, lad there bis supercharger went wrong, So the famous Winnie Mae came dowe at Purdue university airport . eight hours twelve sad one-half minutes after It left the west coast poet wss fjacertala ef his plana far the future. Probably the Flynn-Nye tax proposal won't get anywhere at all. Certainly It will not be enacted Flynn-Nye in this session of con J0X Bill gress. Nevertheless, when a senate com mittee seriously Introduces a bill that would limit Income of a corporation to 3 per cent of its peace-time capi talization the government would take the rest by taxation It Is regarded by many as time to call a halt. It ought to be added here that obviously the country Is faced with the highest taxes It has ever known In consequence ef the tremendous spending that has been going on during the last two years and which Is to be continued. Those taxes are due to come along within another year or two. I referred above to the 3 per cent limit on Incomes of corporations. This Is brought about tbrougb a tax of 50 per cent on the first 6 per cent of earnings of every corporation. Above tbe 6 per cent earnings. It Is proposed In the Flynn-Nye bill to take 100 per cent of tbe total. Tucked away la one section of the bill Is language that Is ordinarily re ferred to as a "Joker." It represents the first attempt by congress, rather by .the sponsors of tbis legislation, to circumvent exemption of government securities from taxation. The federal state, municipal, county and other gov ernmental Jurisdictions have the power to Issue bonds and other securities free from taxation. This makes such securities attractive. For quite a while there has been agitation to do away with this tax exemption privi lege. Nobody has found a way, how ever, to get legislative bodies to enact the necessary provisions Into law. So, we have something like fifty billions of dollars In securities of this type out standing. If this Income were taxable. ef course, it would represent a con siderable Increase la revenue to the federal government through .Income levies. Thus It Is stated the Flynn-Nye proposal Is attempting to reach that In come without actually relating the contract which the issuing government made with the buyers of those securi ties. '.. v-V -5 1 ' ... -' ' .The effort to tax Income from these securities has been worked out la a ::- : - fashion that la better Hove it r Illustrated than de YVouM Work "nod. Assume that corporation had la- vested a large portioa ef Its jsarplas J or reserves in tax-exempt bonds. The bill proposes first to limit tbe amount! of Income which that corporation may receive and to tax half of the re mainder. The result Is that Income from tax-exempt securities would be mingled with other forms of Income and the government 'would dip its hand Into the total and take - whatever amount the law prescribed. Another provision of tbe bill would result In government confiscation in wartime of every dollar of Income that any official of any corporation, com pany or partnership received In excess of $10,000 per year. It is to be re membered here that the above-mentioned $10,000 would not be tax-exempt Those drawing such salaries still would have to pay the government $2,800 in taxes on the $10,000 Income. In other words, since nearly every one' receiving salaries of this size serves In an official capacity with some com mercial unit, the tax provision actually reaches nearly all of the Individual In come tax payers. Certainly, the drastic rates affect all persons receiving any Income of con sequence because there Is a sharp re duction In the personal exemption pre scribed and the tax rates themselves are boosted higher than a kite. For Instance, a married man with an In come of $3,000 a year would have to pay a minimum of $300 to the govern ment Immediately war was declared. The lethargy that continues among national Republican leaders Is begin ning to grow Irksome Criticize upon minor wheel Leaders horses and individual Republicans of lesser consequence In national affairs. Word Is coming through to Washington from various sections of the country Indi cating considerable dissatisfaction with the management of Republican party affairs by the present regime, headed by Henry P. Fletcher, national chair man. There Is likewise a growing vol ume of criticism of the work of Sena tor Hustings of Delaware, and Repre sentative Bolton of Ohio, Joint chair men of the Repuhllcan-senatorlal-con-gressional committee. Superficially, at least. It appears that the Republican pot Is about to boll over. I don't believe anybody can forecast at this time what the result Is going to be. It should be said In favor of Mr. Fletcher and Co-Chalrmen Hast ings and Bolton that they are In a tough spot -They are criticized If they do and criticized If they don't. Yet tbe fact remains and I think It Is recog nized everywhere that none of these three has taken a positive position nor has he Initiated any constructive effort In behalf of his party's political future. From among Republicans who yet remain In congress. I have picked up ' much private discussion Indicating fear on their part that the Republican party management is faced with an upheaval equivalent to the Roosevelt New Deal among the Democrats unless the party leaders awaken from their unperturbed sleep. The point made most frequently Is that President Roosevelt actually has Inaugurated his campaign for re-election, and the Re publicans are doing absolutely noth ing about it It Is well to recall that Postmaster General Farley is planning to retire Just when nobody knows to devote his attention to bis other job which is chairman of tbe Demo cratic national committee. This Infor mation can be construed In only on way now that Mr. Fletcher Is getting ready to take his seat again at the helm of the campaign machine. Some of tbe smarter Republicans Insist that this should be notice to the guiding lights of their own party to begin con struction of political trenches. Something may .come of the Repub lican sectional meetings now being planned. It Is just possible that out of these group discussions may be evolved some national program, or tbe makings of a national policy. It la likewise possible that from tbese group- discussions some Individual may arise who would be a worthwhile leader for tbe party against Mr. Roosevelt next year. To date, according to all of the Information I can obtain, that leader is not In sight Senator Arthur Van den berg of . Michigan, who was re elected to the senate but year in the midst of a Democratic landslide, has been suggested. On the other hand, wise politicians tell me that because Senator Vandenberg has been men tioned thus early, he is likely to be out of the running when the conven tion time comes because In politics It la the early bird who catches the curse instead of the worm. But to forget tbe weaknesses ef the Republicans In leadership does not cause one to forget the palpable fail ure made by those In charge at pres ent So far aa the public record shew they have taken no advantage what soever of vulnerable spots la the New Deal armor; No administration ha been or : can , be perfect-President Roosevelt does not claim that his New Deal la perfect He has gone so far as to admit failures la certain of hie countless experiments. It m possible that the Republican' erganlsattoa bee made note of these failures hut It cam be stated as a fact that they have made eery little use ef them by war of political attack. , Mcwaeeser vunm.
The News-Record (Marshall, N.C.)
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April 25, 1935, edition 1
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