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THE TRIBUNAL AID A VIABLE, VALID RFQMIREMENT RESPONDING TO BLACK NORTH CAROLINA \OI.l MKI\. NO. 3 s;6.(Kl rKK>KAl. I K’" TS MEMBER: North Carolina Black Publishers Association — ''^orth Carolina Press Association, Inc. B ^e>B CX3 OO'BOOOOeOOOOOOOOOO^g BICENTENNIAL; BLACK HISTORY “Lost-Strayed-Or Stolen The 1976 Editions of THE TRIBUNAL AID will be dedicated to America's bicentennial Celebration, with emphasis on contributions our Race m-He In the marine of A:. I frohi birth to the present. I In 1976 there should not be a need lo liti 1 these contributions from isolated sources. Ouj* past should be interwoven Into the fabric of our cl\ Miration, because we arc, except for th«‘ Indian, America's oldest ethnic minorit\. We have helped make America what It was. and what ii is. since the i-.mdlng oi Virginia. We ha\e been a factor in nian> major Issues in our histor\. There have been man> misdeeds against us, yet we have been able lo live through them and fight back. This is living proof of our history. Our role In the making of America Is neither well known or correctly kno^n. Man> pusltive contributions have escaped historians and ha\e not found iheir wa_\ into the pages of 1 ,.\4 \-h« . Black His; ry Editoi man\ hlslor\ books. VVe will strive to give readers, Black and white, man\ little-known facts about our past and it is hoped that a proper perspective of our histor> will be ol value lo persons who mav believe that as Black People we have an unworthy past; and hence, no strong claims lo all rights of other Americans. PROFILES OF BLACK WOMEN IN BLACK HISTORY Black history in the Western Hemisphere most probably begins with the discovery of the New Worid by Christopher Columbas in 1942. Blacks are known to have participated meaningfully In a niun!>er of later explorations made by Europeans in varioas parts of the United States and Spanish America. Facts such as these at once fashion a new dimension for Black history within the mainstream of American history. Inasmuch as one of the primary purposes of this feature is to record some historical achievements of the Black, H becomes most Important to offer the reader chronological accounts through which he can conveniently familiarize himself with the broad sweep of American Black history. The years covered here are 1492-1954. Thr 1 ilr so(‘ioloi>i'il. K. I riHillin I ra/M r. paid this triluitt lo the I‘>th (nlr\ w(M)ian: " \tlrr l'.inai)( i|Ki' (i»ii uh‘i) thr uiiolt- •>(M‘lai tabrir oi lil‘ (runibir and MHHiiir ol' aro *\ish iMT wdf- -‘trox'd. it ua>> iht* Nrnio v.on an ho inadr ihr Mir- \i\al ul' thr Nr"ro po^'- siblr". I hr (larkc'vl d.i\ > ol .sla- vrr\ did iiol brrak thr spirit ol thr Black woman. In- '^had thrsr da\s producrd an an»al*ur la\\>rr. aboli tionist. Irctur«‘r and thr ^T‘at "condinior ' of tin- li r-^ in ihr ranks. undrr;irounii railroad. Ill ihr ri\ il war w hich iol- l(»\s‘d. liiai'k woinrn >T\rd as nursrs. spirs and sol* K-* thr (M'lUurx protfr‘s- '*rd. thr l>lark >\»nian r- uirr^rd Vs thr niainsta) ol thr >t‘^ro racr". Ourin;; thr nr\l frw wrrks wr will intnMlurr >ni somr of lhi*sr Kiaek xtonirn that urrr thr main* sia> of thr past. A Legacy For All ACHIEVEMENTS BY BLACK AMERICAN INVENTORS IHil IMassachusrttr!- Pr(‘(irrick Douglas begins his (,‘ar('(T us a icHlurer with the Massachusells Anti-Slavery C()fi(!lV. 1842 Boston Thr capture of George La* tirTiore in Boston precipi tates the first of several la- riH.us fugitive slave cases straining North-Soutf) re lations. Latiniore is later pur chased from his master by Boston aboh'tionists. Buffalo, New York Henry Highland Garnet calls for a slave revolt and general strike while addressing the National Convention of Co lored Men. In the 1800’s,America began an Indus trial Revolulion which is still going on. Our scientists and engineers over 100 years ago started lo devise new products for man kind along with new machines to make things better, cheaper and faster. These dreams and visions became ideas and in lurt) gavi' birth lo good jobs and prosper ity lo many people. This new prosperity and the new ideas behind it were blocked (jarnrt, Samuel H. Ward and lor many Black people. Education was de- Charles B. Kay participate nied lo slaves and rarely available to freed irj the Lil)erty F^arty conven- Blacks. The Black men had lo overcome lion-lhus becoming the first severe challenges, and only through their Negros to lake f)art in a na- courage and perseverance could they offer their ideas to the world. Before emanci pation, ihe Black man was not considered a citizen and therefore could not obtain pa tents. Because of this many Black inventors i«4:? lion al inn Buffalo political galh(‘ring. Nrw York (^itv Sojourner Truth takes lo the platform as an anti-slavery l(H-turer. Philadelphia Birth of Richard Greener, the first Negro to receive a degrtM’ from Harvard (1870). Active as a teacher and editor, Greener is ad milted to the South Carolina bar in 1876, and becomes dean of Howard’s Law School three years later. concealcd their identities or gave their i(l(‘as to others. The masters held patents lor anything his slaves invented. There may have been a considerable number of inventions by slaves because the Southern Conletleracy thought it necessary to incluse a section in its Constitution staling that the owner of a slave also controlled his inventions. For example, Jo Anderson, a Blai'k on the plantation of Cyrus McCor mick is said to have contributed much to ward the invention of the Cotton gin. Norman Rillieux, a free Black, invented a vacuum f)an in 1864, which vastly im proved ;he refining of sugar and helped de velop the sugar industry in Louisiana. In 1913, 50 years after emancipation, a detailed study of Black inventors was made by Henry E. Baker, a Black assistant ex aminer for the United Slates Patent Office. INVKMIONS THAT PEOPLE'S DAILY LIVES IINFLI'ENCED I—7 1 jH/sfor/ca/ Landmarksl I Of Black America | No more substantial testimony to the role of the Black In the growth and development of America can be found than the numerous historical landmarks in various regions of the country which are associated with Black Americana. Many of these-like the Alamo and Bunker HlU-are not conventionally known as sites involving chapters of Negro history. IM)1A^A low A Clinlon: I'nderground Kail- road Slalion Bloomingdale; Underground Railroad Marker(U.S. 41) B('fore llie Lala\('ttc This marker is only one of uas built, ihr small several once used to assist that once slood at fugitive slaves bra\e enough Slrert South and lo risk dealh by lleeing Second Strc'ct is k from the Souih and seeking freedom and safely in Can ada. One of these, William Trail, liked Indiana so much he dicided instead lo stav on and go into farming. His efforts were met with INVENTOR Bailiff, C.O. liailey,L.C. Bin^a, M.W. lioone, Sarah Brooks, C.B. Burr, J.A. ('hurrh. T.S. Elkins. T. Faulkner, H. Fisher, D.A. (ioodr, Sarah Jackson, B.F. Latimer, L.H. S(‘\vis. A.L. Miles. A. INew some, S. Purvis. W.B. Kay.L.P. Smith. J.^ . Slantlard, J. Thomas, S.E, White. J.T. r>VEMIOi\ DAIE Shampoo headrest l«9« (1 Folding bed !«*>'> .Street sprinkler I«79 Ironing board i«yi> Street sw'eepers l«% Lawn mower Ift'W Car|M-t beating machine I»»( Combination of dining, ironing table and IK7(» (juilting frame. Chamber commode 1872 Ventilated shoe ]«90 Joiner's clamp and furniture castor 1«7."> Folding cabinet bed IKKA Heater and 1«9« Gas burner 1K99 z Incandescent electric light bulb with carbon filament l»8l Window cleaner l«92 F>Ievator i««; (Jooker Fountain pen l«'«» -eJ- Dust pan 1897 Lawn sprinkler 1897 Oil stove and 1889 Refregerator 1891 Waste trap for basins 1887 Lemon squeezer 1896 I)(*spile difficulties in [)roving all that Black peoph' had (ione. Baker found that thev had been granted about 1,000 patents during thos(‘ 50 vears. Some ol these patents are as familiar as lh(' potatoe chip of Hyram Thomas, a Sara toga chef, the ice croani of Augustus Jai'kson, a Philadclpliia confectioner, and the player pianos ofj. H. and S. L. Dick inson. The study also pointed out that Black people invented hundreds of large mechanical devises and items vve use every day, including a folding bed, letter box ironing board, detachable car fenders, va rious models and improved versions of printing presses, elevators, fire extinguish ers, steam and railroad engines and the egg beater. The outlook lor inventive Blacks im- [iroved in the twentieth century. One of the most notable was Garrett A. Morgan, who became a hero on July 25, 1916. An ex- plo.sion had trapped a dozen men in a tun nel 228 feet below' Lake Erie. Morgan was called to helj) with his newly-invented gas mask. Wearing his mask, he was able to en ter the tunnel and rescue several of the No Model.') No. 556,711 men. Several years later, Morgan inven ted the tralfic light just as the automobile \\a.s to become a large part of American life. THIS IS A I’ART OF OLR HISTORY Vi HICH HAS BEEN ‘LOST, STRAYED OR STOLEN.- Oiir recent history still abounds with in dividual Black heroes in medicine, en gineering, and science. With the general surge ol Black people into scientific oc- cu|iations, there remain the individuals whose work is extraordinary today. B. V. Moore ol Pine Blull, Arkansas, designed an ('arth moving machine which can deliver twice as much as conventional excava tors. Tony Helm of Chicago devised an all- anglc wrench that is so popular that he started his own laetory to make them. Sgt. Adolphus Samnis of the U.S. Army Weapons Test Station in Yuma, Arizona, developed an air frame support which eliminates the second and third stage engines from rockets. Samms has several [latented rocket designs. The work of Black American acientists and technicians continues, adding lo an already proud legacy. 2 Slieets-^-Sheet I C. B. BROOKS. STREET SWEEPER. Patented Mar. 17, 1896. Holel house Sixth South noun to have beeii a f)oint of shelter and sustenance for Negro fiigili\es escaping from Mi ssouri. Iowa was a free lMTilory by virtue of both the Northwest Ordinance 87) and the Missouri succcss, and he became one Com[)roTnise of 1820, Many of many pj'osperous farmers Quakers who liad come lo the state before the Civil W'ar took grt'at pains to organize and efficient and eff’ccti\e L'ndcrground Railroad net work. askMU-lh..t 1. i. UILE3. ELC7AT0B. P.tsct.d Dot. 11. 1S87. ai’tive in Union County, In diana. Fountain City; Levi Home. Nortli Main ('olTin Street Levi Coffin, a Quaker ab olitionist referred to as "The President of the Un derground Railroad,” used his own hoine as a way-sta- tion in which, from 1827 to 1847, he hid more than 300 slaves heading for Illinois, Michigan, or Canada. Born in North Carolina in 1798, Coffin moved to Foun- Siouv City : Pearl Street Once the city’s main tho roughfare. Pearl Street is named lor a INegro pioneer who arrived in the town by boal more than a cenlurv ago and achiexed widespread popularity as a cook. Ano ther Negro cook, Aunty oo- den by name, impressed many leading citizens with her speciality, an opossum tain City (then known as dinner. Civil War \eteran Newoport) at the age of 28. Henry Riding was another From there he went to Ohio black pioneer who staked a where he continued his ac- claim to Iowa land, and had tivities, eventually helping a successful career as a ower 3,000 slaves escape homesteader. He once pre- from the South. One ol the vented a railroad crew at founders of the Freedmen’s gunpoint from laying track Bureau (1865), he was still across his land, and forced engaged in the sesettlement the company to settle for of slaves long after the $21,000 before granting Civil War had ended. Cof- them the right of access, fin died in Avondale, Ohio Sioux City was a refuge for in 1877. many slaves escaping from Missouri. nx m WITNESSES: INVENTOR »» tfdm y ^ ATTORNEY* 1776 Honoring America's Bicentennial 1976
The Tribunal Aid (High Point, N.C.)
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June 23, 1976, edition 1
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