Newspapers / The Asheville Times (Asheville, … / Oct. 11, 1911, edition 1 / Page 7
Part of The Asheville Times (Asheville, N.C.) / About this page
This page has errors
The date, title, or page description is wrong
This page has harmful content
This page contains sensitive or offensive material
T7T3 ASnEVILLn GAZETT2HZ73. PADS SBVEI yeviuw- - ' .jesdav. October . 11, 1911. FORMING APPLE TREE BEADS ' HOW TO PRUNE TO GET BEST RESULTS BOTH IN SHAPE AND QUALITY OF :w FRUIT. plan of tree a, planting time. ; In forming the heads of orchard trees, they should be much closer to the around than those of ornamental trees. Commercial orchards of apples and pears are now headed much lower Ithan formerly, three feet being a very common height tor starting ma neaa. While the heads of peach and plum trees are started even as low as 11 or 10 inches from the ground. The reason Is that in oertaln lo calities where wind-storms are fre quent, a low-headed tree Is less likely to be broken, will lose a smaller proportion of fruit, and does not suffer so much from sun-scald, as the low head serves to a certain extent as a shade for the body. During the early years of both orna mental and fruit trees, they should be pruned vigorously, because they 1 A.'' ". ' . .. A ., i J 5"a ; Top of tree after one year's growth b the rehardU W !! 'rF'v' A. A flvebranob tree at the end of the first1 season's growth. B. Re lation of root to top in a nursery tree lifted j for shipment. C How ,. the roots are cut at digging time; make much longer, natural growth during the first ten years, thai) later. .With pears, 'end Apples, the main body branches 'left at planting time, should not be more than ' eight Inches long. At the close of the first season when pruning time arrives, the growth of that year Should again be short ened to at least one foot, and each of the . main body brenohes: should carry not te exceed three subdivisions about eight inches long. ' .,,-; The' same operation should be re peated the third year, but the num ber of branches jcarried by each eub- division should be reduced to two. The arrangement of these branches should b.e based upon ths same prin ciple as the arrangement of the main body of the trees. ' - ' One additional precaution Is neces sary with 'trees whloh have an up- ngm or pyramidal tenaenoy; the ter minal bud which is intended to form the leading branch from any primary branch, should be left on the outside rather than toward the center of the tree. By observing this precaution, the plant will have more tendency to spread. ., On the ether hand, if a tree has a tendenoy to spread and it Is desirable for any reason to prune It Into the form of a pyramid, leave the terminal hurt on the opposite, or inside of the branch. With common peach trees, . which are shorter-lived than apple or pear trees, these precautions ars not so lm portent, particularly in the ' ' after- pruning. At the time of forming the head, however, this Is Very Important because these trees are much more liable to split down with heavy loads of fruit, than the apple and pear. The general rule In the after-prun ing of the peaoh ' tree is to shorten the yearly growth about one-half. Of course this is not always necessary, particularly during seasons of heavy crop and sparse rainfall, when the natural growth of the plant Is very short. Whenever the normal growth under eight Inches little additional pruning la necessary, but whenever It exceeds that amount, heading In will be advantageous. This serves the double purpose of preserving a eenv pact symmetrical tree, and at the same time reducing the annual crop or iruit. Thus, the fruit which Is allewad to remain on the tree receives a larger amount of nourishment than would be the case were the full annual arrnwth left and the tree permitted to bear Its normal queta of fruit. The fruit will also be larger and of better quality. AUTUMN SOWN RYE By W. XL Gilbert. Rts Is not grown on every farm hut those who have proved its value as a bulky, succulent green food that la available in the spring before the grass grows, treat it as an Indtspensl- ble and valuable orop. Those who do not grow It can have an idea of this. In the spring time when they , are lamenting the absence of new grass, resolutions are often made to grow some the succeed' lng year, but when the time arrives to sow the crop the good intentions are forgotten and nothing is done, Then when the time comes around again, as it always does, much regret la felt that provision was not made to meet it with a good supply of rye. I would remind all that rye should now be sown and assert that It is most dependable. It is hardy, always grows, pro- duces an Immense bulk of material long before any kind of grass affords a bite and the stock relish It greatly. This Includes cows in milk, mares suckling foals, sheep with lambs, and st-re stock too. If sufficient is grown to allow them some. It should not be sown in bleak prominences where it will have ' to contend with cutting winds. The more sheltered spots or fields are bet ter adapted for its development in the hindering weathers of early spring. It may follow after corn or pota toes. It is only a temporary crop and will be consumed and cleared off in time to admit of roots being sown In the early summer. Making such quick and profuse growth It requires rich soil, but not to excess, as this would produce growth of a soft and too perishable nature. Field after field of It need not be crown. A lew acres rrom two to half a doaen, aooordlng to demand, will yield a big supply. About three bushel of seed should be sown per acre, I muah prefer to arm it, line grain, te sewing it broadcast. Birds and pigeons are very fond of th seed and if sown broadcast much of it will be eaten, but when drilled, most of it is left alone, There Is a great demand for It by the eow keepers and those who have beonme acquainted with Its disposal In this fashion never fall te have a large supply, PRODUCTION OF SUGAR BEETS' : THE SUPPLY OF SUGAR PRODUCED ANNUALLY IN THE UNITED STATES DOES NOT NEAR MEET THE DEMAND. By 8. O. Clinton, Iowa. Fall plowing la 'Injurious to cut worms and grasshoppers. The first refined beet-root sugar pro duced In commercial quantity was made about one hundred years ago, at a cost of approximately 80 cents a pound. The cost of producing cane sugar was then somewhat higher than that of beet sugar. The amount of raw sugar extracted from the beet at that time varied from 4 to 6 per cent., and the amount of refined suga obtained was from 1 to 2 per cent 'of the weight of the beet. The cost of producing an acre of beets was estimated at approximately (35, while the yield was from 6 to 26 tons per acre. The advances that have been made in cultural methods have been offset to a very great extent by the Increased cost of labor In the United States, so that the actual reduction In the cost of producing beet sugar has been due to the Improvement of the beet or to less expensive operations in extract lng and refining the product '- ' Thorough cultivation Is another factor In producing good sugar beets. It Is a common saying among the Germans that "the sugar must be hoeo into the beet.'' In no time of its life should a sugai beet be allowed to stop growing, foi If It once becomes stunted It is doubt ful whether It will ever make as gooi' a beet as it would have been undc conditions of continuous growth. Another way the beet has Tbeen lm proved Is by Increasing its sugar con-1 tent. This has been done without in creasing the else of the beet. If a largely Increased yield of beets Is combined with a much higher sugar content it Is entirely possible to ob tain three times as much sugar per acre as is produced on an average at the "present time. The present average yield of beets per acre in this country is about 10 tons, and the percentage of sugar actually extracted and refined does not exceed 12, making the average yield of sugar per acre approximately 2,400 pounds. Yields of more than SO tons of beets tier acre are sometimes obtained, and yields of more than 20 tons are common. From to to 28 per cent, of the sugar In the beet has been reported so fre quently that it is safe to assume that an average sugar content of 18 per cent is within the limits ' of '- possi bility, y If an average yield! of 20 tons per acre and an average sugar content of 18 pei" cent could be reached, we would have an average yield of 7,200 poundB of sugar per acre. Clay loams are very satisfactory for sugar-beet production, provided other conditions are favorable; but more depends upon the physical condition of the soil and upon methods of cul tivation than upon the particular kind or variety of soli used. The soli, how ever, should be well supplied with them through various forms of rollers, but 'the seed coats are so ' hard that any device that has been tried not A Cultivating Bents With Electrical Hoes. ... r. . only breaks the coat but, likewise the seed balls, thus destroying the germ.' . . ', , ' The department of agriculture has been more successful in thia line by its efforts to produce a slngle-gerro. seed, and its scientists have within fhe post year Increased the produc tion of single-germ seed from 2-to .11 percent, ';:.-..; y 1 - The yearly consumption per capita has Increased 8 pounds during the post ten years, that is, approximately' 645,000,000 pounds, or 380,000 tons, Women Wooding Beets. .umus and well drained. During the past few years there has been a remarkable advance in the price of farming lands, especially in those localities where beet-suaar factories are In successful operation. The production of single-germ beet- seed Is a method of thinning beets before the seed is planted. Com mercial beet-seed consists for the most part of from two to seven Individual seeds welded by nature into one mass! It is evident that plants produced from such a mass of seeds must of necessity be very close together, and thus far no mechanism has been de vised whereby the plants can be prop erly thinned. Thus hand labor has to be resorted to. Repeated efforts have been made to break up the seed balls by passing -0M Unloading Beets. more sugar was consumed last year than would have been consumed ten years ago had the population at that time been the same as it is today. . This goes to show that. the manu facture of beet sugar In the United States, in spite of Its wonderful pro gress during the past few years, has not even kept pace with the Increased rate! if consumption. , ". EARLY nOLTIIIG AIID THE EGG BOX .V Host people believe that if they can fores their hens to molt early they Mil lay more eggs during the season, but this is not true. Hens that have molted late will lay more eggs during the winter than the early molters. This has been shown by the most careful experiments but the facts are not generally known. Molting hens require a large amount of feed containing nitrogen such as j oil meal,, meat and other feeds rich In protein. Molting can be forced by cutting down the feed of hens as it has been shown by experiments that scantily fed hens begin molting earlier than those on full feed, but the former 'do not finish molting much earlier. ' Starved behs molt more 'uniformly than others and this is particularly Noticeable In hens two or three years fld. In an experiment conducted by the Cornell a experiment station It was found that on a basis of 100 hens the fed flock produoed eggs to the value of 829.97 more than by he starved flook. '"" " " . The total income from all the birds was $278 for the starved flock and I860 .for the fed flock, a difference In favor of natural molting for the year of about 888.. . . .... A Western poultryman of long ex pet lence gives his method of-control ling molting as follows? ) .-rY1 As soon as the hens are through laying he turns them out on alfalfa, feeding them dry bran only, In ad dition. Under this .treatment they get thin. . Then he feeds . them mixed ration of grains and meat, giv ing a light feed in the morning and alt they will eat at moon and night Under this treatment they flnlsh molt ing quickly, get new feathers and be gin laying In September. By October 1 they are all in good laying condition and make a profit through the fall am! winter. i . "'- ratejf A FINE TYPE OF HEAVY MILKER COW MANURE AKD ROCK PHOSPHATE. . . Pi At the Ohio Experiment Station." y Director Charles A. Thorn e, "We or five years conducted an exper iment In the use of cow manure In the production of corn, wheat and clover grown In rotation. "The result of this test is that in the five year average we have pro duced an Increase of about two bush els of corn, two-thirds of a bushel of pheat and about (0 pounds of olover bay for each ton of manure, when the manure has been taken from an ordinary open barn yard. "The total Increase was worth $1.80 If we value eorn at at one-third of a dollar per bushel, wheat at two thirds of a dollar, lover hay at one-third of a dollar per 100 lbs., eonr, stover at tt per ton and straw at 81. "When however we leave this man ure In the stable to be trampled under foot till ready for use the Increase has Pn worth $8.60 per ton of manure; and when to this straw manure we have added as made about 40 lbs. of phoephatio rock to each ton of man ure for the purpose not only of pre venting the escape of amonla but of reinrorclng the manure with phos phoric acid we have realised a total value of 88.28 per ton of manure, after paying for the phosphate used "The manure treated In this man ner produced an average Increase of thrt bushels of corn, one and three quarters of wheat and 126 lbs. of hay for each ton of manure." THE PACKAGE HELPS THE PRICES Tou may not believe It but farm butter put up In square packages of a pound neatly wrapped In oiled paper wilt bring a better price in any market than the same butter loosely packed Id a tin bucket or Jar. A butter mold costs a tiiffle and oiled paper with your name printed 1 on It costs but a nttie more, ana u butter Is put up in square package form It will bring from two to three cents per pound more than If packed' in Jars or tins. .-; , '. I Fastidious customers in the city, who are In the habit of getting nearly every , thing they consume in fancy package, absolutely will not buy butter that Is scooped out of the pall and sent to their homes in wooden dishes. In spite -of this fact which nearly every farmer ought to know, ninety five per cent of farm butter Is sold without being put up In this form and It ill goes together in one mass at the creamery where tt Is worked over, molded Into pound packages, wrapped and lumped with the name of the creamery and sold at a profit all of which might have been had by the farmer If he would do the same thing land sell direct to city consumers. Of course it la not always possible to sell direct to consumers, but even if butter is sold to the stores It will bring a much better price if put up In oiled paper In pound packagea In fact the making of butter Is not all there Is lri the business. PLOW UP WORN OUT PASTURES KEEPING BEES IN A HO USE poultry hints. If taken at a very early age chick ens eaa be taught to come and go at certain times, fed In a certain way and do other things that will save time and annoyance. A young girl of our acquaintance oo ratam ,bont 100 White Ply hiouth Rocks, always brings every bird In the flock flying te her feet by a tntfe particular cry she utters. This cry Is never heard by the birds her or anybody else except at the tlmee when they were actually wanted njJ . th ey they came running was a striking lesson In training. A lUmn at rnnn.ni a. Mm a k.. , uf lno 'he drinking water twice a . - j urn in Beeping mi W-irood eondlllnn. . i As fiorm fh fin, f , fenfotnes S-iirr wf j (,ut y , , !:.rI Hid othur 1KK-I-. i,ir,l i i.rnt tnrn b market. f, lUyr high A ftrst-prlse Two-tear -Old Clrae dale. ' rroRix o Pomona w una Ton needn't expect to reap muoh tirnflt from SrTSlng your ha and cattle on pumpkins for a tew days during the harvest season! then cut ting (T their avippV of this valuable hols rear, ftoie I' regard house-aplarles as especially adapted to out yards, having all the facilities for' properly caring for bees in themselves, the year around, and without Increased cost over open yards.. r.'l' ., . I keep' part of my bees In a house made for the purpose, and I am ready to endorse all that has been said aoout the superior comfort of handling bees In house-aplarles. When I open ore of these hives the beee do not fly up with the same alacrity that bees do from the' hives that stand Id the sun shine. , . The house contains twenty Colonies of bees in two tier 'of hives. The broad side of the house which la In view, facea eastward, and the end southward: there are no hives facing the other two directions. ' , The hives in this house are known by the name, ''Long Idea." They hold crosswise, twenty Langstreth frames each. They are expressly used for extracting honey, ' One row of hives Is set on a frame Just high enough for me to be able te raise the covers, and look lntr) them comfortably, and the other row rests on the floor. I might add that the hives are only one story, so there Is no use for queen-excluders, and no tiering to be done.' ' ' There are no bees at targe In the house, excepting a few 'whloh leave while handling the combs, and these quickly make their escape by way of the windows, whloh are left open all ." By F. O. Herman, New Jersey, summer for ventilation. The netting on the windows Is so arranged that the bees can leave the room, but can not enter it' a ''-y ' The awning oyer the windows Is to prevent the rain from coming In while the windows are left open.' The hive entrances match the corresponding slots in the sides of the house, and when the bees enter the slot, or en trance, they go directly to their re spective hives. Each alternate entrance is painted a dark color; this Is for the purpose T -s,)6r Pile the pumpklna In a row, as high and as wide as you wish, oover with hay and set up fodder en each side to a thickness ef thre er' four feet. This pot enly affords ample protrtlnn .from the Cold, but. elK nablM ymi to form a mt prnfltiihie balanced, ration by anVllns "the. fruit of the v!i." yiu foi. 1 nut the r,,rn r .. Tnr ti(t..n. f.vt .;, tfn i 1,1.1 Apiary or F. G. Herman, leonla, New Jersey. of helping the bees to mark their right hive. ' The advantages of having bees In a house ar many. There is not a day in the spring or summer or autumn but you can perform any work with them desired. Hives, supers and fix tures generally, need not be made and painted so as to stand ths outside weather, which Would add to the cost materially. - All of these fixtures will last mur-h JtmmtJ STRING BEANS., Select young, tender, string! ess beans, wash them, cut off thx iam and blnanom ends, cut In one-Inch lengths, and put tam on plates or trays pre pared for the purpose. ("ovr with a lift to protect them from files,' and put to dry In a strong current of air, Ndr iim normally while drying. When IheriHXjity dried, ..put ;.? t' -'t. It is well to have a good reason for everything and the main reason for plowing up pastures is when the for age, plants become scarce and thin and weeds and moss are plentiful. Many such fields are found and they are allowed to remain so a most profitless proceeding, for while we have many light and poor crops on arablo land, worn out pastures are quite as common. It may be the argument Is that there Is not the expense of cultivation that there is with arable. This Is true, but unremunerative grass land Is as undesirable as any other. The durability of pastures depends to a great extent to the clean state and good heart of the land when the seed Is sown and also on the quality of the seeds. Some are really perennial and permanent others contain a great many weeds and all such pastures fall away In a few years. Renovating may be attempted and Is often successful If begun In time but as a rule nothing short of plowing up and recultlvatlng makes really aatle- luuiurjr permanent pasture. To say that a field has only been laid down a few years and cannot need renewal Is not a strong reason for letting It remain. The condition of the pasture only can be taken as Indicative of whether It should remain or be demolished. Some fields are so foul that a sum mer fallow is urgently needed in their redemptions, I am not averse to this course, though It means delay and if the fields are not actually over-run with tenacious weeds, they may be broken up in the fall, cleaned as much aa possible in the spring ana preserved with in the succeeding year. If land la plowed in the fall, harrowed In the spring, cleaned aa much as possible and a grain orop with rather thick seeding Introduc ed, the weeds will have experienced a severe set back by the fall and It carefully prepared for roots to fol low, quite a new. state of things will be experienced. 8. C. Miller.' BED BUGS HAVE AN AFFINITY FOR CHICKENS. longer by keeping them out of the weather, and will remain In proper shape thai will allow their adjustment to the proper place. Bees are much more easily worked within a house as they Seldom attempt to sting. No bees are flying about when you ars at work. Feeding Is a pleasure. In extract. lng there are po bees following yon around to get a taste. . If you happen to get a few beef Inside, darken the windows, and .by thus throwing the room In darkness, and with a few little holes or cracks that will admit the light the beee will make for them at once, go out. and in less time then I can tell you, they will be all outside. Of course you wan bee escapes at the windows,; which will ordinarily let them out ' f .' ' During the honey' season, which occurs at the hottest time, the open ing of hives, 'and the handling of heavy combs' of honey ire always done at more or less risk when out In the hot sun, and must" ftfteh'be done at quite" a distance from the-tt- In the house ths extractor seta In the center of the room,' f "(1 It is but stap W two to the hives., as thn are all about fhe same distance away, and only part, of te"combs. (teed be removed at a" time, The advantages of fixing the bees up for winter, and thelf chances of Wintering better ars as good In the house as outside, . - mi in niiiaiiniTwitnn III I ITT proof bags, tie securely, and keep in a dry, well-ventilated tilece for future use, Some think beans are Improved by steaming them a short time Lefor putting them to dry. Try botfl ways, and d :lde for yourself .wMh salts you better. By putting a few to dry each time beans are prepared for the table, a toed supply may be preserved with yr Httle trouble. Mary I lnU. -n. Many poultry houses are infested with bed bugs and it Is not an easy matter to dislodge them. Some people say that turning the sheep into the poultry bouses will In duce the bugs to attack the sheep where they will be lost In the wool, but this la a poor remedy. Remove all the roosts and nests from the house and spray with boiling hot whitewash to which has been added a pint of turpentine to a pail ful.) Another good, remedy is to burn the Interior of the house with tarollne mixture which can be bought at any drug store. , Another effective remedy IS half a pint each of turpentine, ammonia and kerosene to which, ad 4 about four, ounces of gum . camphor If more is needed doublo the quantity. Apply, with a brush, " . The nests should be burned out over a biasing' fire and the roosts should also be held over the fire and all should be thoroughly whitewashed and painted before putting them back. 4). QUEER IDEA ABOUT ROSE BUSHES. A correspondent asks If "Manure will harm rose bushes?" adding that one of her neighbors told her that It would prevent them from flowering. we never heard of such a thing before. It Is a fact however, that In some parts of the country there are people who still believe that manure ' will poison the soil for farm crops, and doubtless this idea has spread to rose bushes. . . j a .' i Nothing was ever more absurd. Rose bushes are tremendous feeders of rich soil and It should always be composed of well-rotted manure be sides additional leaf mould, and .the entire soil should be of. the ripest character. ty y , . ,:'.'"?:;.,, A heavy loam or clay and grave). wall drained, are suitable tolls for roe bushes, A trench at least three feet deep should be dug and filled wtt$ alternate layers of manure and torn post and well worked up before the roses are planted. " . - '" " " ,' After the plants have become well started they should atlll , reeeUo manure and this' should be applied every spring in liberal quantities. . ' Do not be afraid, of giving in.ur rose bushes a soil too rich. The rio ter It la the more vigorous will be the growth of your, plants and the r Beautiful will the eokor of your flower be, . .y . ' An EfnVlprt Battery. .'..-' '. '' " . " 1 ' " ' t; w- NOTES OF THE, HOG IOT,' , ., -"(,-.'""" 1 "'' """ ' , -V Never permit a brood sew to get so fat that the Wilt Hot take exercise. It she must be forced to walk about hef conditio M not rht for breeding'. a A brood sow shou.d be welt nour ished, but tt is a great mistake to allow her to become ft as a fat sow Will lose litters or prod sic Week lings. " Up la Canada, where they raise little corn, the farmers produce, with feed ing peas, clover and alfnlfa, some tf the fineet pork thet Is sn on the k'rir'yi! market UNSEED MEAT, AS A TONKJ FOOD! .The great tonlo value of linseed meal is evidenced by the fact thnt most t tne ee-ealisl patent staoit foods and condition powders ars larte ly made up of linseed meal. It is a' laxative reed and (or this reason lkrire. quantities of tt should haver be fed aa S dally ration.- It la especially aulte4 to young stoct, being rich In growing material, such, as. protein end h, indeed there is no "class of farm animals to wb some linseed pl cannot be fed to v antage, espertatig 'h3e anlmala are dertv-i t t lonr perioda of green or suiculant feeds. Linseed meal takes th place ot the high-price patent initio ', feeds and coats on an average on y about one-tenth as much. Ftry I regulated f ! ft.miV.l , rovliled waii l,...,,.! i.i.
The Asheville Times (Asheville, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Oct. 11, 1911, edition 1
7
Click "Submit" to request a review of this page. NCDHC staff will check .
0 / 75